Fig. 5: Adhesion and electrical performance of the electrode on skin for ECG and EMG signal monitoring.

a Photograph of the ultra-thin electrode worn on the skin. Scale bar: 1 cm. (i) Photograph of the ultra-thin electrode worn on the squeezing skin. (ii) Photograph of the ultra-thin electrode worn on the stretching skin. b Impedance of the skin with electrode and gel electrode (reference) attached to the skin of the forearm. c Water loss rate of the four samples (ultra-thin electrode film, electrospun PVDF-TrFE film, GEL electrode) after 60 hours. d ECG recorded from this work and gel electrodes, respectively. e EMG signals recorded of different muscular states.