Fig. 5: Performance demonstration of multiple BECD pixels and biodegradable electrochemical transistor integrated with electrochromic layer.

BECD was fabricated by utilizing 45 s electrospun W/PLGA (~75%T and ~890 Ω sq⁻¹). a Schematic illustration and (b) photographic images of a digital font-like BECD. Characters ‘S’, ‘N’, ‘U’ have shown by applying –1.2 V to appropriate pixels for each character, such as pixel number 1, 3, 4, 5, 7 for character ‘S’ (Aperture F 5.6 and ISO 1600). c Schematic illustration of biodegradable electrochemical transistor integrated with electrochromic layer. d Gradual increase of drain-source current by elevating gate voltage 0.1 V per 30 s. e Gradual color change of the biodegradable electrochemical transistor with increasing channel conductivity by applying 0 V, 0.4 V, 0.8 V and 1.2 V to gate electrode (Aperture F 5.6 and ISO 1600).