Table 1 State-of-the-art on-body WPT systems

This work

Tx

Cu

50 μm

1 mm

50

Qi

130 kHz

7.94 W

3.41 W

42.94 (P_In to P_Out,Bat)

0.002 (local)

Smartphone, e-tattoo

5.35 W

3.41 W

64.93 (P_Tx to P_Out,Bat)

5.35 W

3.81 W

72.33 (P_Tx to P_Out,Rx)

[35]

Tx

GaInSn

1 mm

2 mm

–

–

110 kHz

3.2 W

1.92 W

60 (P_Tx to P_Out,Bat)

–

Headset, LED, fan, smartphone

[37]

Tx

–

80 μm

2 mm

–

Qi

142 kHz

1 W

230 mW

23 (P_In to P_Out,Bat)

–

Wearable sensors

[28]

Tx

–

–

30 mm

–

–

240 kHz

1.8 W

18 mW

1 (P_Tx to P_Out,Bat)

0.172 (10 g)

Neural stimulator implant

[30]

Tx

PZT/Metglas

120 μm

0

–

–

250 kHz

2.22 mW

9.66 μW

0.435 (P_In to P_Out,Bat)

0.3

Implantable sensors

[27]

Tx

Cu

400 μm

40 mm

–

–

1.3 MHz

4.5 W

297 mW

6.61 (P_In to P_Out,Bat)

–

Gastric stimulator implant

[33]

Tx

EGaIn

1 mm

–

100

–

3 MHz

–

–

–

–

LED

[11]

Tx

Cu

25 μm

20 mm

–

NFC

13.56 MHz

–

–

–

–

Wearable sensors

[31]

Tx

GaInSn

635 μm

10 mm

–

NFC

13.56 MHz

100 mW

4.8 mW

48 (P_Tx to P_Out,Bat)

–

Wearable sensors

[29]

Tx

Cu

80 μm

30 mm

–

ISM

433 MHz

230 mW

1.15 mW

0.5 (P_In to P_Out,Bat)

–

Implantable sensors

[10]

Tx

Cu/Ni

200 μm

–

–

ISM

2.4 GHz

100 mW

10.5 mW

10.5 (P_Tx to P_Out,Rx)

–

Wearable sensors

[34]

Rx

Cu

18 μm

–

20

NFC

13.56 MHz

200 mW

–

–

–

E-tattoos

[32]

Rx

AgNFs

3 μm

0

100

RF

20 MHz

100 μW

40 μW

40 (P_Tx to P_Out,Rx)

–

Signal and voice detection

[36]

Rx

Cu

7 μm

1 mm

25

–

44.5 MHz

187 mW

32.2 mW

17.2 (P_Tx to P_Out,Rx)

–

Wearable sensors