Fig. 1: Components and structures of electrical stimulation on insect abdomen.

a G. portentosa with the integrated body surface stimulation component on the abdominal surface. Scale bar, 1 cm. b Schematic of body surface stimulation component. c Layered structure of body surface stimulation component. d Closs-up view photo of integrated body surface stimulation component on the abdominal surface. Scale bar, 5 mm. e Side view photo of integrated body surface stimulation component on the abdominal surface. Scale bar, 5 mm. f Integration process of self-adhesive body surface stimulation film on the insect’s body surface. Before ethanol volatilization (left), after ethanol volatilization (right). Scale bar, 200 µm. g Self-adhesive body surface stimulation film adhered to insect body surface (left), natural insect body surface (right). Scale bar, 50 µm.