Fig. 3: Morphologies and elemental analysis of IDI-DA PVDF films. | npj Flexible Electronics

Fig. 3: Morphologies and elemental analysis of IDI-DA PVDF films.

From: Ion dipole interaction and directional alignment enabled high piezoelectric property polyvinylidene fluoride for flexible electronics

Fig. 3

SEM images of the film’s surfaces with varying concentrations of CaCl2: (a) 0 wt.%, (b) 0.5 wt.%, and (c) 1.0 wt.%. d Cross-section image of the 1.0 wt.% CaCl2 IDI-DA PVDF film. e 2D and (f) 3D Surface roughness images of the IDI-DA PVDF film with a 1.0 wt.% CaCl2 concentration. g, h are pore size distributions of IDI-DA PVDF films with 0 and 0.5 wt.% CaCl2. i Element concentrations, obtained from the EDS analysis of the composite film with 1.0 wt.% CaCl2.

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