Fig. 3: AFE electrical performance.

a Circuit implementation of the AFE. The gain of the TIA is set by Rf. b Circuit implementation of A1, the gain of A5 is adjusted when Rf is changed to maintain stability as explained in the Supplementary Information. c Architecture of the circuit used to implement A2, A3 and A6. d Attenuation of ultrasound signal, required noise floor and noise floor of traditional implementations. e Noise floor of proposed TGC. f Transient noise signal of 40 different measurements and 3σ indication. g Frequency spectrum of the AFE in low and high noise mode. h Signal transfer function of the AFE with different gain settings. i Comparison of the measured and simulated gain of the TGC.