Fig. 6: Augmented reality (AR)-assisted monitoring of a subject lying in bed using wireless, battery-free multi-axial sensors.

a Photograph of devices for an immersive AR environment that includes AR glasses (XREAL Air 2 Ultra, XREAL, China), a smartphone, a marker, and a wireless sensor. b Photograph of a user wearing the AR glasses. c Block diagram of a wireless sensing platform integrated with the AR system that includes three parts: (i) wireless sensing platform for real-time monitoring of resultant forces, (ii) Unity software for programming the application, and (iii) a smart device (e.g., AR glasses or smartphone) that receives sensing data from the laptop and overlays sensing data onto the user’s field of vision using the application. d Wireless sensor attached to the wrist for validation of AR system. Photographs of the wrist during AR-assisted monitoring while the wrist moves (e) rightward, f upward, and (g) upper-left. h Photograph of the wrist when pressure is applied to the top of the wrist. Schematic illustrations of AR-assisted monitoring of the subject lying in bed using (i) wireless sensing platform and j AR system including laptop, smartphone, and marker. Photographs of the subject during AR-assisted monitoring while the subject (male, 27-year-old; height, 178 cm; mass, 82 kg) lying in (k) the supine position, l the right lateral recumbent position, m the left lateral recumbent position and (n) the supine position.