Fig. 4: Simulation of the transmembrane potential in passive mode.
a, b Simulated membrane potential dynamics of a passive cell membrane upon photocurrent stimulation, corresponding to the measured photocurrent with the patch-clamp set-up shown in (b, c). The model incorporates a passive RC circuit representing the cell membrane, with stimulation applied through the basal contact area on a freestanding electrode. The resulting depolarization reflects the capacitive charging of the membrane in response to transient photocurrent pulses. c Transmembrane potential (Vm) response of the Hodgkin–Huxley model to a time-dependent inward photocurrent stimulus. d Time-resolved ionic conductances (gNa, gK, and gL) and the inward photocurrent input used to stimulate the Hodgkin–Huxley model (membrane capacitance (Cm)=1.0 μF/cm2, gNa = 120 mS/cm2, gK = 36 mS/cm2, the leak conductance was gL = 0.3 mS/cm2).
