Fig. 11: Fracture morphologies of different Cu-containing steels in different environments.

a–d 0.0Cu, e–h 0.6Cu, i–l 1.0Cu, (a, e, i), (b, f, j), (c, g, k) and (d, h, l) are abiotic, biotic, abiotic @ −0.9 V, biotic @ −0.9 V, respectively.

a–d 0.0Cu, e–h 0.6Cu, i–l 1.0Cu, (a, e, i), (b, f, j), (c, g, k) and (d, h, l) are abiotic, biotic, abiotic @ −0.9 V, biotic @ −0.9 V, respectively.