Fig. 9: A representative cross-sectional microstructure featuring α-Al and Al-Si eutectic phases, modeled using the level-set function defined in Eq. (2).

Cross-sectional microstructure of alloy A showing dendritic α-Al and network-like eutectic Al-Si phases. The geometry is implemented using a level-set function to distinguish cathodic and anodic regions for corrosion modeling, where the cathode is defined as 1 and the anode as 0.