Fig. 2

Nanobody expression significantly reduces induced pathological synucleinopathy. a Labeling of phosphorylated Serine-129 α-syn species in the substantia nigra reveals reduction of pathological aggregates in both intrabody-treated cohorts compared to saline controls. Intrabody treatment also reduces the overall level of mature Lewy body-like cellular aggregates (inset) (scale bars: 100 and 25 μm). b Quantification of optical density measurements of phospho-Serine-129 labeling in the substantia nigra. Both VH14*PEST and NbSyn87*PEST treatment groups reveal significant decreases in densitometric labeling of pathological α-synuclein species. The data were analyzed via one-way ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc comparisons (saline—n = 8, VH14*PEST—n = 7, NbSyn87*PEST—n = 7, all *p < 0.05). c Dual immunofluorescent labeling of phosphorylated Serine-129 and Thioflavin-S confirms that phosphorylated residues are representative of aggregated α-syn species (scale bar: 100 μm)