Table 2 Baseline characteristics for bilateral patientsa,b.

From: Long-term Parkinson’s disease quality of life after staged DBS: STN vs GPi and first vs second lead

Variable (mean ± SD (N))

Bilateral first lead

Bilateral second lead

Bilateral first vs second

STN (67)

GPi (60)

STN vs GPi

STN (84)

GPi (72)

STN vs GPi

STN

GPi

Age

61.91 ± 8.82 (67)

63.95 ± 8.56 (60)

p = 0.19

62.73 ± 9.53(84)

64.79 ± 8.37 (72)

p = 0.24

p = 0.42

p = 0.57

Age at disease onset

50.46 ± 9.10 (63)

50.31 ± 9.54 (49)

p = 0.93

50.87 ± 9.63 (77)

50.42 ± 9.45 (59)

p = 0.78

p = 0.80

p = 0.95

Disease duration

11.11 ± 4.59 (63)

12.39 ± 4.91(49)

p = 0.19

11.83 ± 4.54 (77)

13.49 ± 5.15 (59)

p = 0.052

p = 0.27

p = 0.26

Months between surgeries

–

–

–

14.75 ± 13.30 (84)

11.87 ± 11.01 (72)

p = 0.27

–

–

Gender (male no./no.)

52/67

46/60

p = 0.90

65/84

43/72

p = 0.58

p = 0.97

p = 0.69

LEDD

1572 ± 1443 (67)

1343 ± 733 (60)

p = 0.46

1119 ± 756 (84)

1559 ± 1921 (72)

p < 0.05

p < 0.01

p = 0.66

UPDRS-I

2.95 ± 2.05 (60)

2.25 ± 1.93 (56)

p = 0.054

2.43 ± 1.80 (80)

2.11 ± 1.81 (69)

p = 0.15

p = 0.15

p = 0.71

UPDRS-II

15.95 ± 5.91 (59)

16.66 ± 5.54 (56)

p = 0.51

13.28 ± 5.52 (79)

14.36 ± 5.33 (69)

p = 0.23

p < 0.01

p < 0.05

UPDRS-III off-med

41.17 ± 11.91 (58)

40.71 ± 10.94 (59)

p = 0.83

38.54 ± 10.80 (59)

40.67 ± 10.63 (58)

p = 0.19

p = 0.15

p = 0.98

UPDRS-III off-med contralateral tremor

4.00 ± 2.58 (58)

3.49 ± 2.41 (59)

p = 0.31

3.44 ± 2.48 (59)

2.66 ± 2.50 (58)

p = 0.07

p = 0.24

p < 0.05

UPDRS-III off-med contralateral rigidity

3.71 ± 1.53 (58)

3.36 ± 1.48 (59)

p = 0.30

3.07 ± 1.40 (59)

3.84 ± 1.71 (58)

p < 0.05

p < 0.05

p = 0.24

UPDRS-III off-med contralateral bradykinesia

8.05 ± 2.69 (58)

7.59 ± 2.61 (59)

p = 0.32

7.47 ± 2.43 (59)

8.00 ± 2.82 (58)

p = 0.28

p = 0.23

p = 0.46

UPDRS-III off-med PIGD

4.07 ± 2.38 (58)

5.44 ± 3.02 (59)

p < 0.05

4.00 ± 2.26 (59)

5.79 ± 3.08 (58)

p < 0.001

p = 0.84

p = 0.53

Berg balance scale

52.58 ± 4.10 (12)

48.67 ± 6.39 (30)

p < 0.05

50.08 ± 7.27 (26)

49.51 ± 5.15 (39)

p = 0.19

p = 0.23

p = 0.79

TUG

8.54 ± 2.60 (14)

9.22 ± 4.08 (31)

p = 0.71

12.62 ± 15.17 (25)

9.96 ± 3.87 (45)

p = 0.57

p = 0.43

p = 0.15

Dopamine responsivenessc

−39.11 ± 22.31 (57)

−34.45 ± 19.51 (57)

p = 0.08

−30.99 ± 18.04 (54)

−30.05 ± 17.48 (53)

p = 0.78

p < 0.01

p = 0.21

MMSE

29.05 ± 0.97 (21)

27.75 ± 3.82 (20)

p = 0.50

–

–

–

–

–

SWAL-QOL

85.80 ± 9.58 (10)

86.74 ± 7.62 (17)

p = 0.79

88.86 ± 10.86 (14)

83.95 ± 10.21 (21)

p = 0.08

p = 0.34

p = 0.60

Anxiety

12.00 ± 8.09 (23)

13.25 ± 9.05 (12)

p = 0.98

12.29 ± 8.05 (66)

15.00 ± 9.41 (54)

p = 0.12

p = 0.58

p = 0.59

Depression

10.79 ± 6.46 (14)

8.00 ± 6.91 (36)

p = 0.44

7.79 ± 6.19 (34)

8.41 ± 6.57 (56)

p = 0.64

p = 0.10

p = 0.45

Total PDQ

31.72 ± 14.87 (67)

32.79 ± 14.68 (60)

p = 0.69

23.70 ± 12.51 (84)

25.87 ± 11.97 (72)

p = 0.18

p < 0.001

p < 0.01

Mobility

40.82 ± 26.76 (67)

49.12 ± 25.58 (60)

p = 0.06

34.00 ± 24.14 (84)

39.70 ± 21.12 (72)

p = 0.08

p = 0.13

p < 0.05

ADL

43.66 ± 23.66 (67)

41.60 ± 23.01 (60)

p = 0.64

29.94 ± 18.59 (84)

31.80 ± 18.65 (72)

p = 0.47

p < 0.001

p < 0.05

Emotional well-being

30.85 ± 22.41 (67)

28.02 ± 21.08 (60)

p = 0.52

20.41 ± 16.80 (84)

19.65 ± 16.67 (72)

p = 0.88

p < 0.01

p < 0.05

Stigma

26.26 ± 23.35 (67)

24.48 ± 22.64 (60)

p = 0.65

12.95 ± 14.93 (84)

19.75 ± 18.56 (72)

p < 0.05

p < 0.001

p = 0.33

Social support

16.48 ± 19.33 (67)

14.51 ± 19.55 (60)

p = 0.39

9.97 ± 14.58 (84)

11.46 ± 17.28 (72)

p = 0.51

p < 0.05

p = 0.34

Cognition

28.17 ± 17.82 (67)

27.55 ± 18.44 (60)

p = 0.69

22.92 ± 15.48 (84)

21.40 ± 14.86 (72)

p = 0.53

p < 0.05

p = 0.07

Communication

28.54 ± 18.67 (67)

29.86 ± 22.01 (60)

p = 0.97

24.31 ± 17.85 (84)

22.86 ± 17.09 (72)

p = 0.65

p = 0.16

p = 0.11

Bodily discomfort

38.99 ± 22.64 (67)

47.01 ± 21.55 (60)

p < 0.05

31.80 ± 22.67 (84)

39.41 ± 20.73 (72)

p < 0.01

p < 0.05

p < 0.05

  1. aAll statistics can be found in Supplementary Table 2.
  2. bBold values represent significant differences.
  3. cA negative value indicates more dopamine responsiveness.
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