Fig. 2: Functional connectome alterations in Parkinson’s disease patients relative to healthy controls at baseline.

a Box plot of lobar functional nodal strength and local efficiency in healthy controls, patients eligible for DBS over time (Candidates for DBS), and patients not eligible for future DBS (Non-candidates). The black horizontal line in each box plot represents the median, the two lines just above and below the median represent the 25th and 75th percentiles, whiskers represent the minimum and maximum values, and all the dots outside the confidence interval are considered as outliers. *p < 0.05, Bonferroni-corrected for multiple comparisons. b Regional analysis results (NBS), from left to right: increased functional connectivity in candidates for DBS relative to controls; increased functional connectivity in Candidates for DBS relative to Non-candidates; decreased functional connectivity in Candidates for DBS relative to Non-candidates. In the upper part of the B section, abnormal functional connections are represented in a glass brain. In the lower part, lobar regions are arranged as a ring (the size of the regions are proportional to the number of the nodes included). The principal (or largest) connected components are shown in red; other connected components, not included in the principal connected components, are shown in green. Supplementary Table 2 reports affected functional connection values as well as corresponding statistical significance values. Supplementary Table 5 reports the names of each brain node with the corresponding number. A anterior, BG basal ganglia, Candidates for DBS patients eligible for DBS, FRONT frontal, HC healthy controls, L left, Non-candidates patients not candidate to DBS, OCC occipital, PAR parietal, P posterior, R right, SM sensorimotor, TEMP temporal.