Table 2 Baseline characteristics of women and men with Parkinson’s disease in the original longitudinal cohort.

From: Gender gap in deep brain stimulation for Parkinson’s disease

 

Women

Men

Women vs. Men

 

n

Mean

SD

n

Mean

SD

P

∆ [95% CI]

Age

68

62.7

8.5

121

62.0

8.4

0.624

−0.6 [−3.2; 1.9]

Disease duration

68

11.9

5.2

120

9.4

4.2

0.001

−2.5 [−4.0; −1.0]

PDQ-8 SI

68

34.3

15.6

115

30.5

16.5

0.129

−3.8 [−8.6; 1.1]

 Mobility

68

1.9

1.0

115

1.5

1.2

0.044

−0.3 [−0.7; 0.0]

 Activities of daily living

68

1.5

1.3

115

1.5

1.2

0.970

0.0 [−0.4; 0.4]

 Emotional well-being

68

1.1

0.9

115

1.0

0.9

0.240

−0.2 [−0.4; 0.1]

 Social support

68

0.9

1.0

115

0.9

0.9

0.535

−0.1 [−0.4; 0.2]

 Cognition

68

1.3

1.0

115

1.4

1.0

0.733

0.1 [−0.3; 0.4]

 Communication

68

1.0

1.0

115

1.2

1.1

0.288

0.2 [−0.1; 0.5]

 Bodily discomfort

68

1.9

1.2

115

1.4

1.2

0.002

−0.6 [−0.9; −0.2]

 Stigma

68

1.2

1.3

115

0.9

1.2

0.090

−0.3 [−0.7; 0.0]

NMSS total (median) [IQR]

68

(57.5)

[37.5; 75.5]

120

(48.5)

[29.5; 86.8]

0.393

−1.3 [−13.0; 5.0]

 Cardiovascular

68

(0.0)

[0.0; 2.0]

120

(0.0)

[0.0; 2.0]

0.887

0.0 [0.0; 0.0]

 Sleep/fatigue

68

(14.5)

[8.0; 23.5]

120

(15.0)

[8.3; 24.0]

0.989

15.0 [−3.0 ;3.0]

 Mood/apathy

68

(4.0)

[1.0; 8.0]

120

(2.5)

[0.0; 10.0]

0.369

3.0 [−2.0; 0.0|

 Perceptual problems/hallucinations

68

(0.0)

[0.0; 0.8]

120

(0.0)

[0.0; 1.0]

0.983

0.0 [0.0; 0.0]

 Attention/memory

68

(3.0)

[0.3; 8.0]

120

(3.0)

[0.0; 7.8]

0.923

3.0 [−1.0; 1.0]

 Gastrointestinal

68

(4.0)

[0.0; 8.0]

120

(4.0)

[0.0; 8.0]

0.894

4.0 [−1.0; 1.0]

 Urinary

68

(8.0)

[0.4; 17.0]

120

(6.0)

[2.0; 14.0]

0.294

6.0 [−4.0; 1.0]

 Sexual function

68

(0.0)

[0.0; 0.0]

120

(0.0)

[0.0; 6.0]

0.001

0.0 [0.0; 0.0]

 Miscellaneous

68

(10.0)

[4.3; 17.8]

120

(8.0)

[4.0; 16.0]

0.058

8.0 [−4.0, 0.0]

SCOPA-M total

66

23.3

9.1

117

23.0

7.7

0.827

−0.3 [−2.8; 2.2]

 Tremor

67

13.2

15.8

118

18.4

21.2

0.079

5.2 [−0.6; 11.1]

 Bradykinesia

67

35.3

20.7

118

39.0

21.0

0.254

3.7 [−2.6, 10.0]

 Axial symptoms

67

32.3

18.8

114

28.5

16.2

0.177

−3.7 [−9.2; 1.7]

 Dysphagia and dysarthria

67

22.9

16.6

114

23.0

16.2

0.963

0.1 [−4.9; 5.1]

 Dyskinesia

66

46.7

29.8

115

33.6

28.8

0.004

−13.1 [−22.0; −4.2]

 Motor fluctuations

66

47.7

24.1

115

42.8

25.9

0.204

−5.0 [−12.7; 2.7]

LEDD

68

1039.0

451.7

121

1146.0

536.1

0.166

107.0 [-44.8; 258.7]

  1. Significant results are highlighted in bold font.
  2. CI confidence interval, IQR interquartile range, LEDD levodopa equivalent daily dose, n number, NMSS Non-motor Symptom Scale, PDQ-8 SI Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire-8 Summary Index, SCOPA-M Scales for Outcomes in Parkinson’s Disease-motor scale.
  3. The PDQ-8 SI ranges from 0 (no impairment) to 100 (maximum impairment). The NMSS total score ranges from 0 (no NMS impairment) to 360 (maximum NMS impairment). SCOPA-M subscores are presented as percentage of maximum domain score. Tremor subscore was based on items 1 and 2; axial subscore on items 5, 6, 7, 9, 15, and 16; bradykinesia subscore on items 3 and 4; dysphagia and dysarthria subscore on items 8, 10, and 11; dyskinesia subscore on items 18 and 19; and ON/OFF fluctuations subscore on items 20 and 21.
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