Fig. 1: Effects of acute clenbuterol on Snca transcript and α-syn protein in rats.

Rats received a single intraperitoneal injection of 10, 20, or 40 mg/kg clenbuterol (clen) or saline vehicle (veh) and tissue was collected 24 h post-injection. a Representative image of in situ hybridization for Adrb2 mRNA, which encodes β2AR, colocalized within a tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunoreactive neurons in the SNpc of an untreated rat. b Snca normalized to Gapdh and measured via ddPCR. c Readily soluble α-syn fraction isolated from the SN. d Initially insoluble α-syn fraction isolated from the SN, solubilized with a stronger lysis buffer. e Readily soluble α-syn fraction isolated from the striatum. f Initially insoluble α-syn fraction isolated from the striatum, solubilized with a stronger lysis buffer. All protein fractions were measured via western blot, graphed as percent of control, and representative blots are shown below the respective graph. Columns indicate the group means, circles represent individual data points (n = 10 per group before outlier removal), error bars represent ±1 standard error of the mean. An asterisk represents significance (p ≤ 0.05). Outliers were removed based on the absolute deviation from the median method. In b, one sample was removed the veh, 10, and 40 mg/kg groups, and two samples were removed from the 20 mg/kg group. No other outliers were removed.