Table 1 Demographic characteristics, clinical features, and personality traits of iRBD patients and controls at baseline.

	Patients with iRBD (n = 185)	Controls (n = 91)	p	P_adjusted	Standardized effect size
Age, years	64.0 [12.0]	66.0 [13.0]	0.46**	0.52	0.045^b
Male	130 (70.3)	60 (65.9)	0.47*	0.52	0.044^c
Education, tertiary or above	37 (20.0)	9 (10.2)	0.044*	0.087	0.12^c
BMI, kg/m²	24.4 ± 3.5 (n = 182)	25.0 ± 3.7 (n = 88)	0.21*	0.30	0.17^d
Alcohol drinking
Never	96 (53.0)	58 (65.9)	0.045*	0.087	−0.12^c
Former	24 (13.3)	5 (5.7)	0.06*	0.10	0.12^c
Current	61 (33.7)	25 (28.4)	0.38*	0.51	0.05^c
Smoking
Never	137 (74.9)	76 (85.4)	0.048*	0.087	−0.12^c
Former	18 (9.8)	9 (10.1)	0.94*	0.94	−0.004^c
Current	28 (15.3)	4 (4.5)	0.009*	0.036	0.16^c
BDI-13, total score	5.0 [8.0] (n = 184)	3.0 [7.0]	<0.001**	0.002	0.23^b
ESS, total score	8.0 [9.0] (n = 182)	8.0 [9.0] (n = 90)	0.56**	0.59	0.036^b
RBDQ-HK, total score	43.0 [24.0]	5.0 [10.0]	<0.001**	<0.001	0.78^b
HK-MoCA, total score^a	25.0 [3.0]	26.0 [3.0]	0.011**	0.037	0.15^b
Comorbidity of psychiatric disorders	73 (39.5)	24 (26.4)	0.032*	0.083	0.13^c
Big Five personality inventory
Neuroticism, score	21.0 [10.0]	17.0 [10.0]	0.001**	0.007	0.19^b
Extraversion, score	23.2 ± 5.8	25.3 ± 5.7	0.006*	0.03	0.36^d
Openness, score	23.0 [5.1]	24.0 [5.4]	0.46**	0.52	0.045^b
Agreeableness, score	30.0 [5.0]	32.0 [5.6]	0.15**	0.23	0.087^b
Conscientiousness, score	31.0 [6.0]	32.0 [6.6]	0.033**	0.083	0.13^b

Data are shown as mean ± standard deviation, n (%), or median [interquartile range].
BDI-13 the short form of the Beck Depression Inventory; BMI body mass index, ESS the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, HK-MoCA Hong Kong Montreal Cognitive Assessment, iRBD idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder, RBDQ-HK rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder questionnaire‐Hong Kong.
The Benjamini–Hochberg procedure was used to adjust p values. In bold indicated p value <0.05.
^aThe score of HK-MoCA was adjusted for education level.
Effect size^b represents r, Effect size^c represents ϕ, and Effect size^d represents Hedge’s g.
P value* was estimated with independent t-test or Chi-square test.
P value** was estimated with nonparametric Mann–Whitney U test.

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