Table 1 Demographic and clinical features of people with Parkinson’s disease and subthalamic deep brain stimulation at baseline and follow-ups.

From: Axial impairment and falls in Parkinson’s disease: 15 years of subthalamic deep brain stimulation

Variable

Values n (%); mean [±SD]; Median {range}

 

Baselinea

1-year follow-upa

10-year follow-up

15-year follow-up

Patients (N) and Sex

302 (183 Male, 60.6%; 119 Female, 39.4%)

302 (183 Male, 60.6%;

119 Female, 39.4%)

102 (63 Male, 61.8%; 39 Female, 38.2%)

57 (36 Male, 63.2%;

21 Female 36.8%)

Age

55.61 [±8.42];

56 {29.00–74.00}

56.65 [±8.42];

57 {30.00–74.96}

62.84 [±8.39];

63 {39.38–80.75}

65.03 [±8.26];

66 {45.90–83.48}

Disease duration since diagnosis (y)

11.75 [±4.27];

12.00 {2.00–27.00}

12.75 [±4.33];

12.94 {2.94–28.09}

22.90 [±4.37];

22.61 {14.39–34.78}

26.50 [±3.79];

26.35 {20.28–37.42}

Clinical phenotype

109 AR (36.1%);

40 T (13.2%);

151 Mixed (50.0%)

109 AR (36.1%);

40 T (13.2%);

151 Mixed (50.0%)

37 AR (36.3%);

10 T (9.8%);

55 Mixed (53.9%)

18 AR (31.6%);

6 T (10.5%);

33 Mixed (57.9%)

Hoehn & Yahr

OFF: 3.35 [±0.99];

3.00 {1.50–5.00}

ON: 1.86 [±0.76];

2.00 {0.00–3.00}

ON stim/ON med:

1.97 [±0.71];

2.00 {1.00–4.00}

ON stim/ON med:

2.96 [±0.91];

3.00 {2.00–5.00}

ON stim/ON med:

2.99 [±0.90];

3.00 {2.00–5.00}

UPDRS-III

OFF: 45.26 [±15.41]; 43.00 {13.00–91.50}

ON: 13.76 [±7.98]; 12.00 {1.00–46.00}

ON stim/OFF med: 20.69 [±11.94]; 19 {4.00–63.50}

ON stim/ON med: 13.22 [±9.35]; 11 {2.00–53.00}

ON stim/ON med:

29.92 [±15.26];

27.00 {6.00–79.00}

ON stim/ON med:

35.89 [±17.17];

32.50 {13.50–90.00}

Axial score

OFF: 6.82 [±3.94]; 6.00 {0.00–16.00}

ON: 1.94 [±1.80];

1.50 {0.00–10.00}

ON stim/ON med:

1.97 [±2.14];

1.00 {0.00–12.50}

ON stim/ON med:

6.11 [±4.24];

5.00 {0.00–16.00}

ON stim/ON med:

7.39 [±4.73];

7.00 {0.00–16.00}

Frequent fallers (N)

16 (out of 302; 5.3%)

28 (out of 292; 9.6%)

35 (out of 97; 36.1%)

19 (out of 51; 37.3%)

Frequency of STN-DBS (N of subjects with LFS)

NA

130 Hz {60–185 Hz}

(4 LFS, 1.32%)

130 Hz {60–185 Hz}

(4 LFS, 3.92%)

130 Hz {60–185 Hz}

(4 LFS, 7.02%)

LEDDs

1347.67 [±505.86]; 1340 {265.00–3200.00}

495.72 [±392.91];

400 {0–1796.00}

660.04 [±377.51];

529 {150.00–1827.00}

662.22 [±305.43];

645 {200.00–1462}

  1. AR akinetic-rigid, L left, LEDDs L-Dopa equivalent daily doses, LFS low frequency stimulation (<100 Hz), NA not applicable, R right, STN-DBS deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus, T tremorigen, UPDRS unified Parkinson’s disease rating scale.
  2. aAll subjects at baseline were also included at the 1-year follow-up.
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