Fig. 2: Statistical comparison between groups in each tandem (top insets) and classification results using action texts (lower insets).

a All PD patients vis-à-vis all HCs. b PD-nMCI patients vis-à-vis HCs. c PD-MCI patients vis-à-vis HCs. d PD-nMCI vis-à-vis PD-MCI patients. AT action text, nAT non-action text, P-RSF Proximity-to-Reference-Semantic-Field, PD Parkinson’s disease, PD-MCI Parkinson’s disease with mild cognitive impairment, PD-nMCI Parkinson’s disease without mild cognitive impairment.