Table 1 Performance of potential CSF biomarkers for PD and parkinsonism patients and controls.
Biomarker | Pathophysiological mechanism | PD versus HC/OND | PD versus HC | PD versus OND | PD versus MSA | PD versus PSP | PD versus DLB | PD versus CBD |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aβ42 | Anti-oxidative stress; protects nerves | ↓↓ | ↓↓ | ↓↓ | ↑ | ↑↑ | ↑↑ | NA |
t-tau | Induces and promotes tubulin formation; stabilizes microtubules | ↓↓ | ↓↓ | ↓ | ↓↓ | ↓ | ↓↓ | NA |
p-tau | Loss of neuronal dopaminergic processes | ↓↓ | ↓↓ | ↓ | − | ↓ | ↓↓ | NA |
NFL | Important components of neuron cytoskeleton; axonal damage | NA | ↑ | NA | ↓↓ | ↓↓ | NA | ↓↓ |
t-α-syn | Nerve cell synuclein deposition | ↓↓ | ↓↓ | ↓↓ | ↑↑ | ↓ | − | NA |
p-α-syn | Nerve cell synuclein deposition | ↑↑ | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
o-α-syn | Nerve cell synuclein deposition | ↑↑ | ↑↑ | ↑↑ | NA | NA | NA | NA |
DJ-1 | Oxidative stress | NA | ↓↓ | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
YKL-40 | Neuroinflammation | NA | ↓↓ | NA | ↓↓ | NA | NA | NA |
CRP | Neuroinflammation | NA | ↑ | NA | ↓↓ | NA | NA | NA |
IL-6 | Neuroinflammation | NA | ↑ | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
FLT-3 | Neuroimmunity | NA | NA | NA | ↑ | NA | NA | NA |
Cu | Othersa | NA | ↓ | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Fe | Othersa | NA | ↑ | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Mn | Othersa | NA | ↓ | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Zn | Othersa | NA | ↓↓ | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Arginine | Dopamine metabolism | NA | ↓ | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Citrulline | Dopamine metabolism | NA | ↓ | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
