Table 2 The systematic review of the level changes for inflammatory markers on PD motor symptoms.
From: A systematic review and meta-analysis of inflammatory biomarkers in Parkinson’s disease
No. | Author | Year | Sample source | Assay type | Sample size | Age | Markers | Scale | Summary |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
UPDRS scores | |||||||||
1 | Mueller, T. | 1998 | CSF | ELISA | 22 | 61 (1.5) | IL-6 | UPDRS III | Significant inverse correlation. |
2 | Rentzos, M. | 2007 | Serum | ELISA | 41 | 67.5 (8.1) | CCL5 | UPDRS III | Strong and significant positive correlation. |
3 | Dufek, M. | 2009 | serum | CLIA | 29 | 68.2 (5.5) | TNF-α | UPDRS III | No significant associations. |
4 | Rentzos, M. | 2009 | Serum | ELISA | 41 | 65.8 (11.2) | IL-10, IL-12 | UPDRS III | No significant associations. |
5 | Scalzo, P. | 2010 | Serum | ELISA | 44 | NA | IL-6 | UPDRS III | No significant associations. |
6 | Hassin-Baer, S. | 2011 | Plasma | CLIA | 73 | 68.8 (11.5) | CRP | UPDRS III | No significant associations. |
7 | Lee, H. W. | 2011 | Plasma | ELISA | 66 | 65.8 (8.8) | PTX3 | UPDRS III | Significant positive correlation. |
8 | Scalzo, P. | 2011 | Serum | ELISA | 47 | 61.8 (10.7) | chemokines | UPDRS III | No significant associations. |
9 | Zhao, X. Q. | 2012 | Serum | ELISA | 40 | 67.3 (9.4) | TNF-α, STNFR1, STNFR2 | UPDRS III | No significant associations. |
10 | Tang, P. | 2014 | Serum | ELISA | 78 | 76.3 (5.0) | CCL5 | UPDRS III | No significant associations. |
11 | Jiang, Q. W. | 2015 | Plasma | ELISA | 59 | 64.4 (8.1) | CCL3, CCL4 | UPDRS III | No significant associations. |
12 | Martín de Pablos, A. | 2015 | CSF | ELISA | 37 | 63.4 (0.9) | TGF-β1 | UPDRS III | Positive correlation was found. |
13 | Umemura, A. | 2015 | Serum | NA | 375 | 69.3 | CRP | UPDRS III | Plasma CRP levels were associated with motor deterioration and predicted motor prognosis in patients with PD. |
14 | Hall, S. | 2016 | CSF | ELISA | 63 | 64.7 (9.4) | YKL-40 | UPDRS III | No significant associations. |
15 | Williams-Gray, C. H. | 2016 | Serum | V-PLEX | 230 | 66.4 (9.5) | IFN-γ, IL, TNF-α, CRP | UPDRS III | IL-6 was associated with higher UPDRS-III motor scores, while TNF-α and CRP were correlated with faster rates of motor decline, and IL-13 with slower rate of motor decline. |
16 | Delgado-Alvarado, M. | 2017 | CSF/Plasma | Luminex Xmap | 39 | 71.3 (6.2) | TNF-α, IL, IFN-γ | UPDRS III | Plasma IL-6 levels were positively correlated in PD patients with UPDRS III. |
17 | Kim, R. | 2018 | Serum | MSD | 58 | 62.4 (8.1) | IL, TNF-α, CRP | UPDRS III | No significant associations. |
18 | Moghaddam, H. S. | 2018 | CSF | NA | 109 | 69.7 (6.5) | CRP | UPDRS III | A significant correlation was observed. |
19 | Ahmadi Rastegar, D. | 2019 | Serum | Multiplex | 65 | NA | 7 cytokines | UPDRS III | IL-5, IL-8, G-CSF, CCL2, IL-10, IFN-γ and IL-15 positively correlated with the fold change in UPDRS III. |
20 | Álvarez-Luquín, D. D. | 2019 | Plasma | ELISA | 32 | 60.8 (10.2) | IL, IFN-γ, TNF-α, GM-CSF, TGF-β, IL-35 | UPDRS III | The plasmatic levels of IL-17 positively correlated with the UPDRS III scores. |
21 | Green, H. F. | 2019 | Plasma | SIMOA | 63 | 69.9 (8.1) | IL-6, IL-17A, TNF-α, TGF-β | UPDRS III | IL-6, TNF-α, IL-17A and TGF-β were correlated with UPDRS-III. |
22 | King, E. | 2019 | Serum | MSD | 112 | 69.5 (6.7) | TNF‐α, IL, IFN‐γ, CRP | UPDRS III | Negative correlations between UPDRS III and IL‐2 and IL‐4. |
23 | Perner, C. | 2019 | Plasma | ELISA | 33 | 69.6 (10.4) | sVCAM-1 | UPDRS III | No significant associations. |
24 | Chatterjee, K. | 2020 | Serum | ELISA | 27 | 62.5 (7.7) | IL-1β, NLRP3 | UPDRS III | No significant associations. |
25 | Fan, Z | 2020 | Plasma | MSD | 43 | 58.4 (1.4) | IL-1β | UPDRS III | A positive correlation was found between UPDRS III scores and plasma levels of IL-1β. |
26 | Peng, G. | 2020 | CSF/Plasma | ELISA | 55 | 59.8 (8.9) | sTREM2 | UPDRS III | No significant associations. |
27 | Santaella, A. | 2020 | CSF | ELISA | 46 | 57.5 (10.0) | CCL2 | UPDRS III | No significant associations. |
28 | Galper, J. | 2021 | Plasma | Bio-Plex | 75 | 62.4 (1.2) | IL, TNF-α, chemokines, PDGF | UPDRS III | The UPDRS III score positively correlated to IL-4, IL-8, CCL2, TNF-α, and CCL3. |
29 | Li, S. Y. | 2021 | Serum | Nephelometry | 148 | 63.8 (11.1) | CRP | UPDRS III | No significant associations. |
30 | Mo, M. S. | 2021 | CSF | ELISA | 80 | 63.6 (8.5) | sTREM2 | UPDRS III | No significant associations. |
31 | Zhu, Y. | 2021 | Serum | ELISA | 46 | 69.5 (9.6) | IL-6, TNF-α, sLAG3 | UPDRS III | TNF-α positively correlated with UPDRS III in PD patients. |
32 | Diaz, K. | 2022 | Serum | Milliplex | 26 | 72.8 (7.1) | TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL, GM-CSF | UPDRS II&III | Higher levels of IL-4 and lower levels of IFN-γ significantly predicted more severe tremor in persons with PD. |
33 | Gupta, M. | 2022 | Serum | ELISA | 21 | 57.9 (9.3) | CX3CL1 | UPDRS III | Gradually falling CX3CL1 levels correlated with increasing motor aberrations in PD patients. |
34 | Imarisio, A. | 2022 | Plasma | Elecsys | 71 | 65.1 (10.5) | IL-6, CRP | UPDRS III | IL-6 correlated with UPDRS-III. |
35 | Kaminska, M. | 2022 | serum | Multiplex | 66 | 64.6 (9.8) | IL, TNF-α, BDNF | UPDRS III | IL-6 was associated with the UPDRS III. |
36 | Lerche, S. | 2022 | CSF | Multiplex | 68 | NA | ICAM-1, IL, CCL2, TNF-α | UPDRS III | Higher CSF levels of IL-8 and lower CSF levels of IL-18 were associated higher UPDRS-III scores. |
FOG | |||||||||
1 | Santos-Garcia, D. | 2019 | Blood | ELISA | 153 | 60.3 (6.1) | CRP | FOG-Q | CRP was significantly higher in PD patients with FOG, but it was not significant in the model after adjusting to covariates. |
2 | Hatcher-Martin, J. M. | 2021 | CSF | Milliplex | 19 | 70.4 (10.1) | CX3CL1 | NFOG-Q | CX3CL1 was significantly decreased in PD-FOG. |
3 | Liu, J. | 2022 | Plasma | Nephelometric | 145 | 64.9 (11.0) | CRP | FOG-Q | The plasma CRP is a potential biomarker of FOG. |
