Fig. 1: Experimental design.

a Experimental timeline created with BioRender.com. DMSO: dimethyl sulfoxide. b Interval timing switch task highlighting optimal performance during long trials. Trials are initiated at the back nosepoke. Identical cues are delivered for both short and long trials, which are randomly delivered. On short trials, mice are rewarded for the first response after 6 s at the designated short nosepoke (left or right). On long trials, mice start by responding at the designated short nosepoke. When there is no reward after 6 s, mice switch to the designated long nosepoke (contralateral to designated short nosepoke) and wait 18 s for reward delivery. This time to switch from the short to long nosepoke is a time-based decision as in other interval timing tasks. Switch time is defined as the time of last response at the short nosepoke before responses start at the long nosepoke, and only switch trials are analyzed.