Table 1 Demographics and clinical characteristics of the participants.

From: Central retinal microvasculature damage is associated with orthostatic hypotension in Parkinson’s disease

 

PD (n = 51, 98 eyes)

Controls (n = 51, 100 eyes)

PDOH+ (n = 20, 37 eyes)

PDOH− (n = 31, 61 eyes)

p valueb

p valuec

Age (years)

65.4 ± 6.3

65.3 ± 6.7

65.3 ± 6.3

65.3 ± 7.1

0.983

>0.999

Sex (male/female)

19/32

19/32

4/16

15/16

>0.999

0.123

Disease duration (months)

51.1 ± 32.8

–

60.3 ± 40.1

45.2 ± 26.1

–

0.109

UPDRS IIIa

12.5 ± 7.6

–

14.5 ± 9.9

11.1 ± 5.5

–

0.123

H&Y scalea

1.7 ± 0.5

–

1.8 ± 0.5

1.6 ± 0.5

–

0.451

LEDD (mg)

384.1 ± 228.6

–

406.0 ± 241.8

369.9 ± 222.6

–

0.587

MoCA

26.5 ± 2.0

–

26.8 ± 1.8

26.4 ± 2.1

–

0.667

SER (diopters)b

−0.10 ± 1.71

−0.05 ± 1.62

−0.24 ± 1.42

−0.01 ± 1.86

0.868

0.796

HTN (%)

29.4

23.5

30.0

29.0

0.501

0.676

DM (%)

9.8

13.7

0.0

16.1

0.539

0.180

DL (%)

13.7

21.6

10.0

16.1

0.102

0.263

Mean supine SBP (mmHg)

  

128.8 ± 15.5

128.0 ± 19.5

 

0.873

Mean supine DBP (mmHg)

  

69.2 ± 6.7

70.5 ± 11.6

 

0.867

Mean change SBP (mmHg)

  

33.3 ± 15.9

8.9 ± 8.4

 

<0.001

Mean change DBP (mmHg)

  

14.2 ± 8.0

3.4 ± 3.8

 

<0.001

Supine HTN (%)

13.7

 

25.0

6.5

 

0.060

  1. Data are presented as mean and standard deviation (SD).
  2. OH orthostatic hypotension, UPDRS Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale, H&Y Hoehn and Yahr, HTN hypertension (previously diagnosis), DM diabetes mellitus, DL dyslipidemia, LEDD levodopa equivalent daily dose, MoCA Montreal Cognitive Assessment, SER spherical equivalent refractive errors, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure.
  3. aEvaluated at the medication on state.
  4. bComparison of p and controls analyzed using the Student’s t test or chi-square test.
  5. cComparison of PDOH+, PDOH−, and controls analyzed using the analysis of covariance or chi-square test.
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