Table 2 Comparison of retinal layer thickness and parafoveal vessel densities in patients with Parkinson’s disease and healthy controls.

From: Central retinal microvasculature damage is associated with orthostatic hypotension in Parkinson’s disease

 

PD (98 eyes)

Controls (100 eyes)

PDOH+ (37 eyes)

PDOH− (61 eyes)

p valuea

p valueb

pRNFL thickness (μm)

 Average

100.1 ± 12.8

101.8 ± 8.2

101.7 ± 14.7

99.1 ± 11.5

>0.999

>0.999

 Temporal

74.5 ± 12.2

75.9 ± 11.3

76.4 ± 13.1

73.4 ± 11.6

>0.999

>0.999

 Inferior

131.0 ± 21.8

128.7 ± 17.0

134.1 ± 26.1

129.1 ± 18.9

0.390

>0.999

 Nasal

69.2 ± 13.4

71.2 ± 15.6

70.4 ± 12.9

68.5 ± 13.7

>0.999

>0.999

 Superior

125.5 ± 19.7

126.2 ± 17.5

126 ± 18.3

125.2 ± 20.6

>0.999

>0.999

Total macular thickness (μm)

 Central (1 mm)

262.6 ± 19.9

271.9 ± 18.2

257.3 ± 21.8

265.8 ± 18.0

0.095

0.261

 Average (3 mm)

331.7 ± 15.9

337.8 ± 13.3

328 ± 13.4

333.9 ± 16.9

>0.999

>0.999

 Temporal (3 mm)

324.8 ± 17.1

330.0 ± 13.6

321.5 ± 13.7

326.8 ± 18.6

>0.999

>0.999

 Inferior (3 mm)

331.1 ± 16.5

337.2 ± 13.9

327.7 ± 13.2

333.2 ± 17.9

>0.999

>0.999

 Nasal (3 mm)

336.3 ± 16.6

342.4 ± 14.2

331.3 ± 15.1

339.4 ± 16.8

>0.999

>0.999

 Superior (3 mm)

334.6 ± 18.3

341.8 ± 13.4

331.8 ± 15.5

336.4 ± 19.8

0.670

>0.999

 Average (6 mm)

296.3 ± 14.6

301.6 ± 15.0

296.3 ± 9.9

296.2 ± 16.8

>0.999

>0.999

 Temporal (6 mm)

281.5 ± 16.5

287.1 ± 15.0

281.1 ± 14.3

281.7 ± 17.9

>0.999

>0.999

 Inferior (6 mm)

293.2 ± 19.2

297.9 ± 26.8

295.8 ± 20

291.6 ± 18.7

>0.999

>0.999

 Nasal (6 mm)

306.9 ± 16.0

314.1 ± 14.8

304.1 ± 14.5

308.6 ± 16.7

>0.999

>0.999

 Superior (6 mm)

302.7 ± 15.2

307.4 ± 20.4

302.6 ± 12.9

302.7 ± 16.5

>0.999

>0.999

FAZ area (mm3)

0.329 ± 0.105

0.274 ± 0.667

0.361 ± 0.130

0.309 ± 0.807

0.017

0.049c

SRCP (%)

 Average

47.6 ± 2.1

46.4 ± 2.5

48.1 ± 2.2

47.4 ± 2.1

0.425

0.620

 Central

17.8 ± 4.5

19.6 ± 3.3

16.5 ± 4.6

18.6 ± 4.3

0.007

0.008c

 Temporal

46.6 ± 3.7

45.9 ± 3.0

47.2 ± 3.3

46.3 ± 3.9

>0.999

>0.999

 Inferior

48.7 ± 3.9

46.8 ± 4.1

49.4 ± 4.2

48.2 ± 3.7

0.661

0.544

 Nasal

46.4 ± 2.7

45.1 ± 3.2

46.3 ± 2.8

46.5 ± 2.6

0.424

0.674

 Superior

48.9 ± 2.8

47.7 ± 3.5

49.4 ± 2.6

48.5 ± 2.9

0.526

0.444

DRCP (%)

 Average

49.2 ± 3.0

48.0 ± 2.5

49.8 ± 2.9

48.9 ± 3.1

0.166

0.356

 Central

14.8 ± 4.6

16.0 ± 4.8

12.5 ± 3.6

16.2 ± 4.6

0.296

<0.001c,d

 Temporal

46.5 ± 4.1

46.6 ± 3.2

46.7 ± 3.7

46.4 ± 4.3

0.070

>0.999

 Inferior

51.7 ± 5.8

49.5 ± 4.5

52.9 ± 6.2

51.0 ± 5.5

>0.999

0.094

 Nasal

48.0 ± 4.1

47.1 ± 3.7

48.2 ± 3.5

48.0 ± 4.4

>0.999

>0.999

 Superior

50.7 ± 3.6

49.0 ± 3.8

51.3 ± 3.3

50.3 ± 3.7

0.076

0.141

  1. Data are presented as mean and standard deviation. The Bonferroni correction was performed for multiple comparison.
  2. PD Parkinson’s disease, OH orthostatic hypotension, PDOH+ Parkinson’s disease patients with orthostatic hypotension, PDOH− Parkinson’s disease patients without orthostatic hypotension, OCT optical coherence tomography, SRCP superficial retinal capillary plexus, DRCP deep retinal capillary plexus.
  3. aPD vs. control analyzed using the generalized estimating equation (GEE) analysis.
  4. bPDOH+, PDOH− and controls analyzed using the generalized estimating equation (GEE) analysis.
  5. cStatistically significant between the PDOH+ and control group.
  6. dStatistically significant between the PDOH+ and PDOH− groups.
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