Table 2 Women’s health questionnaire responses.
From: Association of women-specific health factors in the severity of Parkinson’s disease
Total (n = 304) n (%) | |
|---|---|
My PD onset started…a | |
While I was still having regular periods | 52 (17.5) |
While I was going through perimenopause | 26 (8.8) |
One year or more after my last menstrual period | 219 (73.7) |
Are you still menstruatinga | |
Yes | 25 (8.3) |
No | 278 (91.7) |
Have you ever been diagnosed with Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)a | |
Yes | 34 (11.2) |
No | 269 (88.8) |
Are you perimenopausal?a | |
Yes | 18 (6.1) |
No | 277 (93.9) |
Has your doctor checked to see if your hormone levels have changed for perimenopause?a | |
Yes | 8 (44.4) |
No | 10 (55.6) |
Have you experienced menopause?a | |
Yes | 264 (88.0) |
No | 36 (12.0) |
Menses-related history | |
Did/do you notice that PD symptoms improved at any part of the menstrual cycle?a | |
Yes | 7 (9.3) |
No | 68 (90.7) |
When did/do you notice that PD symptoms improved? (check all apply) | |
In the 1–7 days before my period started | 1 (0.33) |
During, while I was bleeding | 1 (0.33) |
In the 1–7 days after I stopped bleeding | 4 (1.3) |
In the middle of my cycle, with ovulation | 1 (0.33) |
None | 1 (0.33) |
When did you notice with symptoms worsening around menses? (check all apply) | |
Medication felt less effective | 8 (2.6) |
Higher doses of meds were required to maintain function | 4 (1.3) |
More off/irregular frequency periods | 10 (3.3) |
N/A | 32 (10.5) |
Don’t recall | 33 (10.9) |
Surgery history | |
I have experienced…(check all apply) | |
Total hysterectomy (removal of uterus, cervix, ovaries, Fallopian tubes, and surrounding structures) | 48 (15.8) |
Oophorectomy (surgical removal of one/unilateral or both/bilateral ovaries) | 25 (8.2) |
Mastectomy | 9 (3.0) |
None | 193 (63.5) |
Partial hysterectomy (just uterus) | 33 (10.9) |
Hormone-related History | |
Did you start hormone replacement therapy (HRT) within the first 2 years of menopause or after receiving a hysterectomy?a | |
Yes | 84 (29.0) |
No | 206 (71.0) |
What type of HRT have you tried? | |
Estrogen | 37 (12.2) |
Progesterone/Progestin | 10 (3.3) |
Estrogen and progesterone combination | 38 (12.5) |
Prior to being diagnosed with PD did you use any of these types of birth control? | |
Pill | 206 (67.8) |
Hormonal IUD | 18 (5.9) |
Copper IUD | 34 (11.2) |
Tubal ligation | 35 (11.5) |
Essure | 2 (0.66) |
Patch | 4 (1.3) |
None of these | 67 (22.0) |
Other | 33 (10.9) |
Pregnancy-related experiences | |
I have experienced: (check all apply) | |
In vitro fertilization | 6 (2.0) |
C-section | 60 (19.7) |
Vaginal birth | 188 (61.8) |
Having children prior to PD diagnosis | 225 (74.0) |
Having children after PD diagnosis | 1 (0.33) |
No children | 62 (20.4) |
Did you experience difficulties with: | |
Conceiving (fertility) | 42 (13.8) |
Childbirth | 35 (11.5) |
Pregnancy (reaching full birth) | 32 (10.5) |
None | 206 (67.8) |
Did you have any of the following experiences prenatally, perinatally, or postnatally? (check all apply) | |
Eclampsia or pre-eclampsia | 15 (4.9) |
Diabetes during pregnancy | 7 (2.3) |
Viral infection | 6 (2.0) |
Bacterial infection | 11 (3.6) |
Depression/anxiety during pregnancy | 11 (3.6) |
Postpartum Depression | 27 (8.9) |
Flair up migraines | 20 (6.6) |
None | 209 (68.8) |
Did you breastfeed?a | |
Yes | 189 (63.4) |
No | 50 (16.8) |
N/A | 59 (19.8) |
Hormonal/autoimmune disorders | |
Have you ever been diagnosed with any of these disorders? | |
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome | 17 (5.6) |
Hypothyroidism | 54 (17.8) |
Hyperthyroidism | 19 (6.3) |
Diabetes Type I | 0 (0.0) |
Diabetes Type II | 15 (4.9) |
Lupus | 1 (0.33) |
Rheumatoid arthritis | 4 (1.3) |
Migraines (no aura) | 39 (12.8) |
