Table 3 Sex-stratified subgroup analysis of crude and adjusted hazard ratios of Parkinson’s disease for various cancers.

From: Longitudinal study of the inverse relationship between Parkinson’s disease and cancer in Korea

	Incident rate per 1000 person-year		Incident rate difference per 1000 person-years (95% CI)	Hazard ratio for cancer (95% CI)
	PD	Control	Incident rate difference per 1000 person-years (95% CI)	Crude^b	P-value	Model 1^b,c	P-value	Model 2^b,c,d	P-value
Men (n = PD: 3919, Control: 15,676)
Overall cancer (n = 1986)	16.83	20.22	−3.39 (−5.70 to −1.09)	0.83 (0.73–0.94)	0.003^a	0.66 (0.58–0.75)	<0.001^a	0.66 (0.58–0.75)	<0.001^a
Gastric cancer (n = 419)	3.65	4.11	−0.47 (−1.50 to 0.56)	0.86 (0.66–1.13)	0.277	0.68 (0.52–0.89)	0.005^a	0.68 (0.52–0.89)	0.005^a
Thyroid cancer (n = 39)	0.28	0.38	−0.11 (−0.41 to 0.20)	0.64 (0.25–1.65)	0.359	0.50 (0.19–1.29)	0.152	0.51 (0.20–1.31)	0.159
Colorectal cancer (n = 390)	3.03	3.84	−0.81 (−1.79 to 0.17)	0.79 (0.59–1.05)	0.106	0.65 (0.48–0.86)	0.003^a	0.65 (0.49–0.87)	0.004^a
Lung cancer (n = 552)	4.30	5.39	−1.10 (−2.26 to 0.06)	0.80 (0.63–1.02)	0.074	0.68 (0.53–0.86)	0.002^a	0.68 (0.53–0.87)	0.002^a
Hepatic cancer (n = 259)	2.01	2.53	−0.52 (−1.31 to 0.27)	0.80 (0.56–1.14)	0.215	0.64 (0.45–0.92)	0.016^a	0.65 (0.45–0.93)	0.019^a
Bladder cancer (n = 153)	1.28	1.47	−0.19 (−0.80 to 0.42)	0.89 (0.57–1.39)	0.614	0.76 (0.48–1.19)	0.225	0.76 (0.48–1.18)	0.222
Pancreatic cancer (n = 104)	0.56	1.06	−0.50 (−1.00 to 0.00)	0.53 (0.28–1.03)	0.060	0.41 (0.21–0.80)	0.009^a	0.41 (0.21–0.80)	0.009^a
Gallbladder and biliary duct (n = 117)	1.17	1.08	0.08 (−0.45 to 0.62)	1.06 (0.66–1.71)	0.805	0.91 (0.56–1.47)	0.691	0.92 (0.57–1.50)	0.741
Kidney cancer (n = 60)	0.89	0.50	0.40 (0.02 to 0.78)	1.65 (0.93–2.92)	0.089	1.37 (0.76–2.45)	0.294	1.40 (0.78–2.50)	0.265
Hematological malignancy (n = 110)	0.95	1.05	−0.10 (−0.62 to 0.41)	0.87 (0.52–1.45)	0.586	0.73 (0.43–1.23)	0.233	0.73 (0.43–1.23)	0.230
Women (n = PD: 4462, Control: 17,848)
Overall cancer (n = 1179)	7.65	9.30	−1.66 (−2.99 to −0.32)	0.81 (0.69–0.95)	0.011^a	0.55 (0.46–0.64)	<0.001^a	0.56 (0.48–0.66)	<0.001^a
Gastric cancer (n = 270)	2.01	2.03	−0.02 (−0.66 to 0.61)	1.00 (0.73–1.36)	0.973	0.67 (0.49–0.93)	0.015^a	0.69 (0.51–0.96)	0.025^a
Thyroid cancer (n = 121)	0.79	0.93	−0.14 (−0.56 to 0.28)	0.80 (0.49–1.30)	0.367	0.62 (0.38–1.01)	0.055	0.65 (0.39–1.06)	0.085
Colorectal cancer (n = 247)	1.20	1.99	−0.78 (−1.38 to −0.18)	0.60 (0.41–0.88)	0.009^a	0.42 (0.29–0.63)	<0.001^a	0.43 (0.29–0.64)	<0.001^a
Lung cancer (n = 204)	1.53	1.52	0.02 (−0.53 to 0.56)	1.03 (0.72–1.47)	0.867	0.71 (0.49–1.02)	0.064	0.75 (0.52–1.08)	0.119
Hepatic cancer (n = 105)	0.70	0.80	−0.09 (−0.48 to 0.29)	0.89 (0.53–1.49)	0.646	0.59 (0.35–1.02)	0.057	0.59 (0.34–1.02)	0.058
Bladder cancer (n = 41)	0.25	0.32	−0.07 (−0.31 to 0.17)	0.76 (0.32–1.82)	0.542	0.54 (0.22–1.29)	0.164	0.54 (0.22–1.29)	0.164
Pancreatic cancer (n = 97)	0.37	0.80	−0.43 (−0.80 to −0.05)	0.46 (0.23–0.92)	0.027^a	0.31 (0.16–0.62)	0.001^a	0.32 (0.16–0.63)	0.001^a
Gallbladder and biliary duct (n = 84)	0.66	0.62	0.05 (−0.30 to 0.39)	1.07 (0.62–1.85)	0.809	0.77 (0.44–1.34)	0.351	0.79 (0.45–1.38)	0.399
Kidney cancer (n = 32)	0.25	0.24	0.01 (−0.20 to 0.23)	1.02 (0.42–2.47)	0.974	0.78 (0.32–1.92)	0.587	0.72 (0.29–1.80)	0.484
Hematological malignancy (n = 65)	0.25	0.53	−0.29 (−0.59 to 0.02)	0.45 (0.19–1.04)	0.062	0.32 (0.14–0.75)	0.009^a	0.32 (0.14–0.75)	0.009^a

CI confidence interval, PD Parkinson’s disease.
^aStratified Cox proportional hazard regression model, Significance at P < 0.05.
^bStratified by age, sex, income, and region of residence.
^cAdjusted for obesity, smoking, alcohol consumption, and Charlson Comorbidity Index scores.
^dAdjusted for systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, and total cholesterol.

Back to article page

Table 3 Sex-stratified subgroup analysis of crude and adjusted hazard ratios of Parkinson’s disease for various cancers.

Search

Quick links