Table 4 Age-stratified subgroup analysis of crude and adjusted hazard ratios of Parkinson’s disease for various cancers.

From: Longitudinal study of the inverse relationship between Parkinson’s disease and cancer in Korea

 

Incident rate per 1000 person-year

Incident rate difference per 1000 person-years (95% CI)

Hazard ratio for cancer (95% CI)

PD

Control

Crudeb

P-value

Model 1b,c

P-value

Model 2b,c,d

P-value

Age < 60 (n = PD: 313, Control: 1252)

 Overall cancer (n = 78)

4.67

5.08

−0.41 (−3.22 to 2.41)

0.91 (0.51–1.62)

0.746

0.89 (0.48–1.64)

0.701

0.87 (0.47–1.62)

0.668

 Gastric cancer (n = 17)

1.64

0.94

0.71 (−0.59 to 2.00)

2.05 (0.71–5.92)

0.187

2.23 (0.69–7.27)

0.182

2.95 (0.71–12.17)

0.136

 Thyroid cancer (n = 14)

0.66

0.93

−0.28 (−1.45 to 0.89)

0.67 (0.15–3.00)

0.602

0.65 (0.14–3.02)

0.578

0.64 (0.13–3.16)

0.583

 Colorectal cancer (n = 17)

0.65

1.17

−0.51 (−1.80 to 0.78)

0.58 (0.13–2.67)

0.488

0.55 (0.12–2.55)

0.444

1.08 (0.23–5.08)

0.925

 Lung cancer (n = 10)

0.65

0.62

0.03 (−0.95 to 1.02)

1.08 (0.23–5.08)

0.925

1.13 (0.19–6.75)

0.897

1.28 (0.18–9.16)

0.808

 Hepatic cancer (n = 9)

0.00

0.70

−0.70 (−1.63 to 0.24)

N/A

0.995

N/A

0.997

N/A

0.997

 Bladder cancer (n = 2)

0.00

0.15

−0.15 (−0.60 to 0.29)

N/A

0.997

N/A

1.000

N/A

1.000

 Pancreatic cancer (n = 3)

0.00

0.23

−0.23 (−0.77 to 0.31)

N/A

0.997

N/A

1.000

N/A

1.000

 Gallbladder and biliary duct (n = 3)

0.00

0.23

−0.23 (−0.77 to 0.31)

N/A

0.997

N/A

1.000

N/A

1.000

 Kidney cancer (n = 4)

0.33

0.23

0.09 (−0.53 to 0.72)

1.24 (0.13–11.93)

0.855

N/A

1.000

N/A

1.000

 Hematological malignancy (n = 7)

0.65

0.39

0.27 (−0.56 to 1.09)

1.63 (0.32–8.40)

0.561

1.16 (0.14–9.60)

0.894

1.15 (0.13–10.21)

0.898

Age ≥ 60 (n = PD: 8068, Control: 32,272)

 Overall cancer (n = 3087)

12.06

14.73

−2.66 (−3.99 to −1.34)

0.82 (0.74–0.90)

<0.001a

0.61 (0.55–0.68)

<0.001a

0.62 (0.56–0.69)

<0.001a

 Gastric cancer (n = 672)

2.79

3.09

−0.31 (−0.91 to 0.30)

0.89 (0.73–1.10)

0.277

0.66 (0.54–0.82)

<0.001a

0.67 (0.54–0.82)

<0.001a

 Thyroid cancer (n = 146)

0.56

0.67

−0.10 (−0.38 to 0.17)

0.77 (0.49–1.21)

0.257

0.58 (0.37–0.92)

0.019a

0.60 (0.38–0.95)

0.028a

 Colorectal cancer (n = 620)

2.09

2.93

−0.84 (−1.42 to −0.26)

0.55 (0.43–0.69)

<0.001a

0.55 (0.44–0.70)

<0.001a

0.86 (0.70–1.05)

0.147

 Lung cancer (n = 746)

2.87

3.42

−0.55 (−1.18 to 0.08)

0.86 (0.70–1.05)

0.147

0.69 (0.56–0.85)

<0.001a

0.70 (0.57–0.86)

0.001a

 Hepatic cancer (n = 355)

1.36

1.63

−0.27 (−0.70 to 0.16)

0.85 (0.64–1.14)

0.283

0.66 (0.49–0.89)

0.006a

0.66 (0.49–0.89)

0.007a

 Bladder cancer (n = 192)

0.74

0.88

−0.14 (−0.45 to 0.18)

0.88 (0.59–1.30)

0.508

0.72 (0.48–1.07)

0.102

0.72 (0.48–1.07)

0.103

 Pancreatic cancer (n = 198)

0.49

0.96

−0.48 (−0.80 to −0.15)

0.51 (0.32–0.82)

0.005a

0.37 (0.23–0.59)

<0.001a

0.38 (0.23–0.61)

<0.001a

 Gallbladder and biliary duct (n = 88)

0.95

0.87

0.08 (−0.24 to 0.40)

1.09 (0.76–1.56)

0.650

0.87 (0.60–1.25)

0.435

0.89 (0.61–1.28)

0.512

 Kidney cancer (n = 168)

0.54

0.36

0.18 (−0.04 to 0.39)

1.42 (0.87–2.32)

0.163

1.13 (0.68–1.86)

0.640

1.13 (0.69–1.87)

0.625

 Hematological malignancy (n = 531)

0.54

0.79

−0.25 (−0.55 to 0.04)

0.66 (0.42–1.05)

0.078

0.53 (0.34–0.85)

0.008a

0.53 (0.34–0.85)

0.008a

  1. CI confidence interval, PD Parkinson’s disease.
  2. aStratified Cox proportional hazard regression model, Significance at P < 0.05.
  3. bStratified by age, sex, income, and region of residence.
  4. cAdjusted for obesity, smoking, alcohol consumption, and Charlson Comorbidity Index scores.
  5. dAdjusted for systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, and total cholesterol.
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