Fig. 1: Comparison of microbial metabolites between patients with PD and healthy controls, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of microbial metabolites discriminating the PD and control groups.

A Violin plot shows plasma concentrations of microbial metabolites, with the solid and dashed horizontal lines representing the median value and interquartile range, respectively. B The accuracy of PD prediction with various models including age, sex, and/or different microbial metabolites. AUC, area under the receiver operating characteristic curves. ns, non-specific, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01. ***P < 0.001.