Table 2 Summary of association results between individual plasma levels of AAA metabolites and clinical severity of PD in both motor and cognitive function.

From: Plasma metabolites of aromatic amino acids associate with clinical severity and gut microbiota of Parkinson’s disease

  

MDS-UPDRS part III scores

 

MMSE scores

 

Coefficient

95% CI

Cohen’s f2

P-value

Coefficient

95% CI

Cohen’s f2

P-value

PHE

9.33

−3.04, 21.70

0.11

0.139

−2.20

−5.51, 1.12

0.09

0.193

PAGln

4.49

0.40, 8.58

0.12

0.032*

−0.14

−1.19, 1.94

0.08

0.806

PLA

2.08

−3.77, 7.92

0.10

0.485

0.37

−0.87, 2.19

0.08

0.641

PAA

1.04

−2.91, 4.98

0.10

0.605

0.15

−0.90, 1.21

0.08

0.777

PPA

0.31

−1.41, 2.03

0.10

0.722

0.01

−0.45, 0.47

0.08

0.965

Pcs

2.06

−0.27, 4.39

0.11

0.083

0.15

−0.47, 0.78

0.08

0.630

Pcg

1.79

0.07, 3.52

0.12

0.042*

0.08

−0.39, 0.55

0.08

0.735

IS

3.98

−0.67, 8.64

0.11

0.093

−0.59

−1.85, 0.66

0.08

0.351

  1. Multivariable linear regression models were applied to analyze the associations between microbial metabolites and disease severity. Motor severity measured by MDS UPDRS part III motor score or cognitive function examined by MMSE scale was set as dependent factor. The independent variables are age, sex, the occurrence of constipation, usage of antiparkinsonian medication including dopaminergic supplement, catechol-O-methyltransferase, monoamine oxidase-B inhibitor, amantadine and trihexyphenidyl, and log-transformed plasma metabolites.
  2. CI confidence interval, IS indoxyl sulfate, MDS-UPDRS Movement Disorder Society Unified PD Rating Scale, MMSE Mini-Mental State Examination, Pcg p-Cresol glucuronide, Pcs p-Cresol sulfate, PAA phenylacetic acid, PAGln phenylacetylglutamine, PHE phenylalanine, PLA phenyllactic acid, PPA phenylpropionic acid.
  3. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001.
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