Fig. 4: Interaction of L0 traits and PD is primarily mediated by 17q21.31 genes.

a Regulatory loci associated with mood-related traits at L0 of the PD-causal and PD-associated networks (Fig. 3) predominantly regulate 17q21.31 genes (i.e. KANSL1, LINC02210, WNT3, ARHGAP27). Overlapping traits between PD-causal and PD-associated networks are highlighted in yellow, and the PD-risk genes are highlighted in pink. b, c The regulatory interactions across 17q21.31 are illustrated for the PD-causal network and the PD-associated network, respectively. Line colours correspond to the trait that is associated with the sceQTL that contributes to the interaction. Inverted arrows show the chromosomal location of sceQTLs. Inversion boundaries are diffuse but are located between ARHGAP27 – LINC02210 and KANSL1-WNT3. The limits of the inverted region are shaded in pink. d Genes that were associated with PD and proxy-PD-associated GWAS loci (Nalls et al., 2019) within PD-associated network.