Table 3 Demographic and clinical characteristics of the PD clusters adjusted for global atrophy

From: MRI subtypes in Parkinson’s disease across diverse populations and clustering approaches

 

Control group (N = 233)

Cl1 (N = 56)

Cl2 (N = 189)

Cl3 (N = 62)

Cl4 (N = 167)

Cl5 (N = 51)

Cl6 (N = 46)

Cl7 (N = 19)

Cl8 (N = 34)

Statistics (H, p value)

Post-hoc

Age, years (median, IQR)

64.5 (13.3)

62.15 (14.92)

66.16 (13.90)

68.75 (15.13)

66.56 (12.57)

64.99 (15.26)

62.02 (11.60)

62.00 (16.96)

60.56 (13.00)

H = 34.293

P < 0.001

cl1 vs cl2

cl1 vs cl3

cl8 vs cl2

cl8 vs cl3

cl8 vs cl4

Sex (men/ women)

148/85

64% men

51/5

91% men

145/44

77% men

40/22

65% men

75/92

45% men

37/14

73% men

19/27

41% men

15/4

79% men

18/16

53% men

χ2 = 73.143

p < 0.001

cl1 vs cl3

cl1 vs cl4

cl1 vs cl6

cl1 vs cl8

cl2 vs cl4

cl2 vs cl6

cl4 vs cl5

Disease duration, years (median, IQR)

NA

1.74 (6.44)

1 (3.96)

1.73 (4.01)

1.49 (5.62)

0.87 (2.74)

1.13 (2.5)

0.5 (1)

0.83 (1.63)

H = 13.470

p = 0.061

 

Education, years

(median, IQR)

16(5)

16 (5)

16 (6)

15 (5)

15 (4)

16 (6)

15 (4)

16 (4)

15 (5)

H = 8.857

p = 0.263

 

Hoehn & Yahr scale (1/1.5/2/2.5/3/4)

NA

19/0/32/1/2/1

58/2/99/2/19/2

12/1/40/2/5/1

45/0/90/6/13/5

15/1/33/0/2/0

14/1/26/0/4/1

11/0/7/0/1/0

14/0/15/1/2/0

χ2 = 32.097

p = 0.609

 

Medicated (yes/no)

% Medicated

NA

28/28

50%

79/110

42%

26/36

42%

74/93

44%

17/34

33%

21/25

46%

5/14

26%

7/26

21%

χ2 = 11.353

p = 0.124

 

UPDRS part III

(median, IQR)

NA

16 (15)

20 (12)

22 (14)

22 (16)

19 (15)

21 (15)

14.5 (6)

17 (18)

H = 22.917

p = 0.002

cl1 vs cl4

cl7 vs cl4

MoCA (median, IQR)

28 (2)

28 (2)

27 (3)

26 (4)

27 (3)

28 (2)

27 (3)

28 (3)

28 (3)

H = 20.806

p = 0.004

cl2 vs cl5

MCI (yes/no

% MCI

14/170

8%

8/40

17%

33/105

24%

12/31

28%

23/96

19%

11/33

25%

6/32

16%

2/12

14%

3/21

12.5%

χ2 = 5.168

p = 0.639

 

Depression

(presence/ absence)

% Presence

NA

7/40

15%

23/114

17%

12/35

26%

36/88

29%

9/35

20%

10/28

26%

1/13

7%

5/20

20%

χ2 = 9.881

p = 0.195

 

RBD

(presence/ absence)

% Presence

NA

12/14

46%

40/51

44%

10/20

33%

34/41

45%

6/26

19%

5/15

25%

2/10

17%

7/13

35%

χ2 = 12.966

p = 0.073

 

WM-hypo/eTIV

(median, IQR)

0.0007 (0.0006)

0.0010 (0.0008)

0.0012 (0.0012)

0.0017 (0.0022)

0.0011 (0.0009)

0.0010 (0.0018)

0.0009 (0.00074)

0.0010 (0.0010)

0.0008 (0.0003)

H = 20.049

p < 0.001

cl3 vs cl1

cl3 vs cl6

cl3 vs cl8

Cohort (Barcelona UB-Clínic/ EXPANd/ KIMOVE/ PPMI)

44/38/0/151

16/8/6/26

24/25/49/91

13/5/14/30

31/21/39/76

8/5/6/32

10/8/8/20

2/0/5/12

2/3/9/20

χ2 = 28.416

p = 0.129

 
  1. The Kruskal–Wallis test was used for continuous variables and the chi-squared test for categorical variables to compare PD clusters.
  2. Barcelona UB-Clínic Cohort from Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Cl cluster, EXPANd cohort from the Exercise in Parkinson’s disease and Neuroplasticity cohort, eTIV estimated total intracranial volume, IQR interquartile range, KIMOVE cohort from the Karolinska Imaging in Movement Disorders study, MCI Mild cognitive impairment, MoCA Montreal Cognitive Assessment, NA Not Applicable, PPMI cohort from the Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative, RBD REM sleep behavior disorder, UPDRS Unified Parkinson’s disease rating scale, WM-hypo White matter hypointensities.
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