Table 1 Baseline demographic characteristics and smell test performances for adults enrolled in three cohorts

From: Development of a simplified smell test to identify Parkinson’s disease using multiple cohorts, machine learning and item response theory

Variable

DeNoPa

Ottawa Trial

PROBE

HC, N = 109a

PD/DLB, N = 129a,d

MSA/PSP, N = 9a,d

p-valueb

q-valuec

HC, N = 118a

PD/DLB, N = 70a,e

MSA/PSP, N = 6a,e

p-valueb

q-valuec

HC, N = 54a

PD, N = 102a

MSA/PSP, N = 53a,f

p-valueb

q-valuec

Sex

   

0.6

0.7

   

0.005

0.015

   

0.058

0.087

 Female

42 (39%)

45 (35%)

2 (22%)

  

74 (63%)

29 (41%)

5 (83%)

  

28 (52%)

34 (33%)

18 (34%)

  

 Male

67 (61%)

84 (65%)

7 (78%)

  

44 (37%)

41 (59%)

1 (17%)

  

26 (48%)

68 (67%)

35 (66%)

  

Age

65 (60, 70)

66 (58, 72)

72 (65, 76)

0.073

0.15

68 (58, 73)

68 (60, 74)

66 (63, 70)

0.9

0.9

59 (55, 69)

61 (55, 69)

67 (61, 75)

0.002

0.007

Parkinsonism duration at baseline in months

NA

14 (9, 24)

12 (6, 33)

0.7

0.7

NA

84 (36, 132)

48 (30, 66)

0.078

0.12

NA

65 (58, 71)

58 (57, 60)

0.2

0.2

Follow-up time in months

120 (120, 120)

120 (72, 120)

72 (48, 120)

0.001

0.004

ND

ND

ND

  

ND

ND

ND

  

Smell test scoreg

12 (11, 14)

7 (4, 9)

10 (9, 11)

<0.001

<0.001

32 (29, 35)

17 (13, 22)

29 (26, 31)

<0.001

<0.001

35 (33, 37)

21 (14, 26)

28 (21, 32)

<0.001

<0.001

Smell test percentileh

50 (25, 75)

4 (4, 10)

25 (18, 50)

<0.001

<0.001

39 (18, 66)

6 (4, 10)

23 (14, 37)

<0.001

<0.001

56 (27, 73)

5 (4, 17)

23 (9, 42)

<0.001

<0.001

Olfactioni

   

<0.001

<0.001

   

<0.001

<0.001

   

<0.001

<0.001

 Normal

94 (86%)

30 (23%)

7 (78%)

  

93 (79%)

7 (10%)

3 (50%)

  

50 (93%)

29 (28%)

34 (64%)

  

 Hyposmia/anosmia

15 (14%)

99 (77%)

2 (22%)

  

25 (21%)

63 (90%)

3 (50%)

  

4 (7%)

73 (72%)

19 (36%)

  
  1. DeNoPa De Novo Parkinson Study, PROBE Prognostic Biomarkers in Parkinson Disease, IQR interquartile range, HC healthy control, PD Parkinson disease, DLB dementia with Lewy bodies, MSA multiple system atrophy, PSP progressive supranuclear palsy, NA not applicable, ND not determined, SST-ID Sniffin’ Sticks Identification test, UPSIT University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test.
  2. an (%); Median (IQR).
  3. bFisher’s exact test; Kruskal–Wallis rank sum test.
  4. cFalse discovery rate correction for multiple testing.
  5. dPD: n = 126; DLB: n = 3; MSA: n = 4; PSP: n = 5
  6. ePD: n = 69; DLB: n = 1; MSA: n = 5; PSP: n = 1
  7. fMSA: n = 27; PSP: n = 26.
  8. gSST-ID scores (0–16) for DeNoPa, UPSIT scores (0–40) for Ottawa Trial and PROBE.
  9. hAge- and sex-adjusted normalized percentiles.
  10. iHyposmia/anosmia was determined by SST-ID percentile ≤10%, and UPSIT percentile ≤15%.
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