Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the population under study

From: Prominent role of PM10 in the link between air pollution and incident Parkinson’s Disease

Variable

Population under study (N = 23,841)

Removed participants (N = 484)

P for difference (analyzed vs removed)

Sex (men, %)

48.17

44.83

0.15

Age (y, mean (SD), range)

55.64 (11.91), 34.6–98.7

62.93 (12.30), 35.8–87.5

<0.0001

Education (%)

 Primary or less

25.46

41.11

<0.0001

 Lower secondary

27.87

20.04

 

 Upper secondary

34.22

20.87

 

 Post-secondary

12.45

9.92

 

 Missing

-

8.06

 

Health conditions (%)

 CVD

5.88

13.74

<0.0001

 Cancer

3.46

4.51

<0.0001

 Diabetes

4.89

10.12

<0.0001

 Hypertension

28.45

41.74

<0.0001

 Hyperlipidaemia

7.80

14.38

<0.0001

Lifestyle factors

 Smokers/previous smokers (%)

23.06/27.43

18.64/27.12

0.05

 MeDi Score (0-9)

4.35 (1.64)

4.21 (1.61)

0.07

 Physical activity (MET-h/day)

3.49 (4.03)

2.99 (3.62)

0.0001

 BMI (kg/m2)

28.05 (4.78)

28.66 (4.69)

0.005

Circulating markers

 PDW (fL)

15.64 (1.78)

15.35 (2.00)

0.01

 Cys-C (mg/L)

0.98 (0.25)

1.07 (0.28)

<0.0001

 Lp(a) (mg/dL)

18.05 (18.82)

19.21 (19.37)

0.10

  1. Here we report frequency (%) for categorical variables, or, alternatively, mean values and standard deviations (SD) for continuous variables. The population under study results from the exclusion of participants residing outside the Molise region, with lack of follow-up information, or sociodemographic covariates required for basic Cox PH models (education), or with a prevalent PD condition. P-values resulting from statistical comparisons of the analyzed vs non-analyzed participants are reported, rounded to the second decimal place, unless they were significant. Chi-squared test was applied to education levels and smoking; Fisher Exact Test to sex, CVD, cancer, diabetes, hypertension and hyperlipidemia; unpaired t-test to age, Cys-C, MeDi score and BMI; and Wilcoxon signed rank test to PDW, Lp(a) and physical activity levels. All the variables are defined in Supplementary Information. Abbreviations: BMI body mass index, CVD cardiovascular disease, MeDi adherence score to Mediterranean Diet49, PDW platelet distribution width, Cys-C cystatin C, Lp(a) lipoprotein a.
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