Table 1 Demographic and biomarker results in the diagnostic groups

	Median (IQR)
Characteristic	PD	PD-CI	MSA	PSP/CBS	HC
N	253	67	141	124	40
Age, years	62 (55–68)^a,b	72 (65–76)^c,d	62 (57–68)^b	71 (67–77)^d	61 (59–63)
Female, n (%)	81 (32.0)^c,e	17 (25.4)^c,e	73 (51.8)	60 (48.4)^f	12 (30.0)
Onset to collection (mos)	43 (22–98)^a	77 (51–143)^b,c	43 (29–66)	40 (24–59)	-
CSF α-syn RT-QuIC, positive/tested (%)	194/216 (89.8)^b,c	55/56 (98.2)^b,c	3/127 (2.4)	2/114 (1.8)	-
CSF NfL^ELISA, pg/ml	600 (457–761)^b,c,g	938 (673-1153)^c,h	2772 (2150–3862)^b	1698 (1297–2337)	-
CSF NfL^CLEIA, pg/ml	527 (404–729)^b,c,g	820 (637–1075)^c,h	2774 (2101–3665)^b	1765 (1387–2368)	-
CSF NfL^SIMOA, pg/ml	499 (377–651)^a-c	797 (591–1012)^c	2504 (1796–3414)^b	1596 (1089–2195)	-
CSF NfL^ELLA, pg/ml	697 (539–915)^b,c,g	1050 (858–1289)^c,h	3083 (2338–4290)^b	1994 (1558–2785)	-
Plasma NfL^CLEIA, pg/ml	16 (12–21)^b,c,i	21 (18–33)^j,k	39 (28.52)^d	37 (25–49)^d	13 (10–17)
Plasma NfL^SIMOA, pg/ml	10 (7–13)^b,c,g	15 (11–21)^c,f	27 (20–38)^d	26 (18–33)^d	10 (9–14)
Plasma NfL^ELLA, pg/ml	18 (13–26)^a-c	30 (21–41)^c,d	55 (40–76)^d	54 (33–72)^d	15 (11–19)

α-syn RT-QuIC α-synuclein real-time quaking-induced conversion, CSF cerebrospinal fluid, HC healthy controls, mos months, MSA multiple system atrophy, PD Parkinson’s disease, PD-CI PD-cognitively impaired, PSP/CBS progressive supranuclear palsy/corticobasal syndrome.
Continuous data are expressed as median (interquartile range). Demographic factors and clinical characteristics were compared using chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Biomarkers (ln-transformed) were analyzed with univariable general linear models adjusting for age and sex (CSF and plasma), BMI and eGFR (only plasma).
^a vs. PD-CI ≤ 0.001, ^b vs. PSP/CBS ≤ 0.001, ^c vs. MSA ≤ 0.001, ^d vs. HC ≤ 0.001, ^e vs. PSP/CBS ≤ 0.01, ^f vs. HC ≤ 0.05, ^g vs. PD-CI ≤ 0.01, ^h vs. PSP/CBS ≤ 0.05, ⁱ vs. PD-CI ≤ 0.05, ^j vs. MSA ≤ 0.01, ^k vs. HC ≤ 0.01

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