Fig. 2: Avalanche Transition Matrix (ATM) in ON-levodopa and OFF-levodopa conditions.

a Avalanche Transition Matrix pipeline. The central and left panels are adapted from ref. ⁵⁷. The light blue squares signify that channel i exceeded the threshold three times during the avalanche. Channel j was active following the activation of channel i in just two out of the three cases considered (as shown by the yellow arrows), yielding a probability of 2/3. An individual’s avalanche transition matrix is obtained by averaging over avalanche-specific transition matrices. Right panel: ATMs are structured by channels in rows and columns; the resulting shape being (channels,channels) = (14,14). The color bar shows transition probability values. b Average edge difference across patients (circular graph representation) the edge color reports the average difference between the ATMs in ON and OFF-levodopa conditions, across all patients. The left LFP contacts shown in green, right LFP contacts in orange and EEG channels in blue. Regarding the edges, the intensity of the color is proportional to the strength of the difference. In (c) Group level ATM average comparison in the ON-levodopa and OFF-levodopa conditions. Each dot represents one patient. The significance of the differences was assessed with the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, resulting in a Wilcoxon effect size of 0.85 and p-value of 0.0019. d Group level Cortico-Cortical edges average comparison, e Group level STN-Cortical edges average comparison, f Group level STN-STN edges average comparison. Dashed lines indicate higher values in the OFF condition compared to ON, while solid lines represent higher values in the ON condition compared to OFF. The statistical significance of the differences was tested with the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, resulting in the following Wilcoxon effect sizes (denoted by r) and p-values (denoted by p): cortex-cortex edges (r = 0.72, p = 0.013), STN-cortex edges (r = 0.88, p = 0.00097), and STN-STN edges (r = 0.83, p = 0.0029). The significance level are indicated as ***p < 0.001, **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05, ns non-significant, p refers to p-value.