Table 9 Medical imaging datasets

⁸⁵

Clinical

305

227

132

173

123

104

From Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou,

Collected from 2008 to December 2017

⁸⁶

Clinical

120

–

58

62

–

–

External validation includes 43 PD patients

(24 M and 19 F)

⁸⁷

Clinical

144

55

–

–

–

–

Collected from May 2015 – Mar 2020,

Age: 18–75 years,

Disease duration: <4 years

⁸⁸

Parkinson’s Disease Society Brain Bank²¹⁶

247

125

–

–

–

–

Collected from 2014 to March 2018,

23 incomplete clinical data

⁸⁹

²¹⁷

22

–

12

10

–

–

Age range: 48–77 years

^218,219

–

–

–

–

In total, 82 individuals participated

⁹⁰

PPMI²²⁰

252

–

84

168

–

–

Age: 35–86 (average 62.4),

DAT SPECT images: Year 0 & Year 1

⁹¹

Clinical

267

160

–

–

–

–

The data includes DAT SPECT images from years 0 and 1

⁹²

PPMI^220,221

92

22

–

–

–

–

–

²²²

14

14

–

–

–

–

–

15

15

–

–

–

–

–

⁹³

^219,223

860

350

–

–

–

–

350 patients from ADNI,

350 patients from PPMI,

160 patients from NIFD,

350 healthy people

⁹⁴

PPMI²²⁰

CCNA²²⁴

BioCog²²⁵

PD-MCI Calgary²²⁶

PD-MCI Montreal²²⁷

C-BIG3²²⁸

NEUROCON dataset²²⁹

Tao Wu dataset²²⁹

OpenNeuro Olfactory dysfunction^230,231,

Hamburg dataset²³²

UK Biobank, OASIS3²³³

SALD²³⁴

1024

1017

–

–

–

–

Data collected from 13 separate studies

⁹⁵

PPMI²²⁰

236

82

–

–

–

–

–

⁹⁶

Clinical

115

115

–

–

–

–

–

⁹⁷

Clinical

–

–

–

–

–

–

In total, 210 individuals participated

⁹⁸

Clinical

43

55

–

–

–

–

–

⁹⁹

Clinical

103

255

–

–

–

–

–

Clinical

22

26

–

–

–

–

–

⁸⁴

Clinical

–

–

–

–

–

–

239 individuals,

137 from Municipal Medical Center,

102 from Kanazawa University Hospital

¹⁰⁰

Clinical

95

–

–

–

–

–

–

¹⁰¹

NewHandPD²³⁵

31

35

–

–

–

–

66 individuals

¹⁰²

Clinical

96

–

–

–

–

–

From September 2016 and December 2020

¹⁰³

^236,237

–

–

–

–

–

–

582 MRI images,

249 MRI for PD

¹⁰⁴

PPMI²²⁰

255

249

–

–

–

–

–

¹⁰⁵

Ruijin Hospital,

Clinical

92

287

–

–

–

–

–

First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University,

Clinical

83

72

–

–

–

–

–

¹⁰⁶

PPMI²²⁰

357

210

125

232

74

136

1213 images,

PD: Average age (61.83 ± 9.89)

HC: Average age (60.77 ± 11.29)

¹⁰⁷

PPMI^220,221

170

170

–

–

–

–

2720 SPECT DaTSCAN images

(1360 PD and 1360 HC)

¹⁰⁸

PPMI^220,221

366

163

–

–

–

–

SWEED Group: 63 individuals,

Prodromal Group: 48 individuals

⁸³

Clinical

854

775

–

–

–

–

1758 TCS images,

Accessed from Sep 2019 to May 2022

¹⁰⁹

PPMI^220,221

213

213

88

125

80

133

HC: average age (59.44 ± 11.33)

PD: average age (61.27 ± 9.71)

213 age-matched T1-weighted MRI scans,

Randomly selected

NEUROCRON²²⁹

27

16

10

17

12

4

HC: average age

(67.63 ± 11.89)

PD: average age

(68.13 ± 12.86)

Tao Wu dataset²²⁹

18

18

8

10

7

11

HC: average age

(67.63 ± 11.89)

PD: average age

(65.61 ± 4.45)

¹¹⁰

UK Biobank²³⁸

84

84

–

–

–

–

Two groups: Prevalent and Incident datasets,

Prevalent Dataset:

154 fundus images (77 PD, 77 HC),

Incident dataset:

92 images (46 PD, 46 HC)