Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of the HCs and PD-PIGD patients

Age, y

61.09 ± 9.26 (46–83)

62.40 ± 9.67 (41–82)

57.73 ± 9.09 (41–75)

61.97 ± 9.23 (42–78)

67.81 ± 8.05 (54–82)

0.444^b

<0.001^c

Sex (M/F)

19/27

49/45

20/13

14/16

15/16

0.229^a

0.403^a

Education, y

8.78 ± 4.28 (0–15)

7.33 ± 4.71 (0–17)

8.58 ± 5.19 (0–17)

6.73 ± 4.58 (0–16)

6.58 ± 4.14 (0–15)

0.08^b

0.077^c

MoCA

23.72 ± 3.09 (15–30)

20.18 ± 5.95 (10–30)

23.52 ± 4.41 (12–30)

20.93 ± 6.06 (10–29)

15.90 ± 4.66 (10–28)

<0.001^b

<0.001^c

Disease duration, y

–

–

2.27 ± 1.82 (0.5–5)

3.50 ± 2.77 (2–9)

5.18 ± 3.12 (3–11)

–

<0.001 ^d

LEDD, mg

–

–

244.92 ± 219.23 (0–580)

420.17 ± 140.35 (100-675)

540.08 ± 166.42 (200–1025)

–

<0.001 ^d

MMSE

–

–

27.70 ± 2.34 (21–30)

26.53 ± 3.91 (18–30)

23.77 ± 3.36 (16–29)

–

<0.001 ^d

HAMD

–

–

7.09 ± 4.70 (0–22)

7.57 ± 5.15 (0–23)

8.19 ± 5.33 (1–21)

–

0.684 ^d

HAMA

–

–

6.42 ± 3.35 (1–14)

7.47 ± 5.00 (0–25)

7.16 ± 4.22 (1–21)

–

0.599 ^d

UPDRS III score

–

–

20.82 ± 9.74 (8–39)

29.40 ± 11.42 (15–42)

37.23 ± 15.83 (20–82)

–

<0.001 ^d

PIGD score

–

–

3.94 ± 1.68 (2–7)

4.97 ± 2.21 (3–10)

9.87 ± 2.66 (7–16)

–

<0.001 ^d