Fig. 2: Forest plot of the included studies evaluating fasting ghrelin levels. | npj Parkinson's Disease

Fig. 2: Forest plot of the included studies evaluating fasting ghrelin levels.

From: Fasting and postprandial Ghrelin levels in Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Fig. 2

Plasma levels of active and total ghrelin in fasting patients with PD and in the control group were compared using standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals. Significant reductions in both total (SMD: −0.72, 95% CI: −1.22, −0.22; Z: 2.84; P: 0.005) and active (SMD: −0.42, 95% CI: −0.71, −0.13; Z: 2.82; P: 0.005) ghrelin were observed in patients with PD. High heterogeneity was found for total ghrelin (Tau² = 0.49, Chi² = 82.55, df = 8, P < 0.00001, I² = 90%), while moderate heterogeneity was found for active ghrelin (Tau² = 0.07, Chi² = 13.03, df = 5, P = 0.02, I² = 62%). No significant subgroup differences were found (Chi² = 1.06, df = 1, P = 0.30; I² = 5.3%).

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