Fig. 5: Forest plot of included studies evaluating postprandial ghrelin. | npj Parkinson's Disease

Fig. 5: Forest plot of included studies evaluating postprandial ghrelin.

From: Fasting and postprandial Ghrelin levels in Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Fig. 5

Postprandial plasma levels of active and total ghrelin in patients with PD and in the control group were compared using standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals. Significant reductions were observed in both total (SMD: −0.45, 95% CI −0.62, −0.29; Z = 5.42; P < 0.00001) and active (SMD: −0.80, 95% CI −1.24, −0.35; Z = 3.51; P = 0.0004) ghrelin. Moderate heterogeneity was found for total ghrelin (Tau² = 0.04; Chi² = 29.61, df = 21, P = 0.10; I² = 29%), while high heterogeneity was observed for active ghrelin (Tau² = 0.46; Chi² = 56.74, df = 10, P < 0.00001; I² = 82%). There were no significant subgroup differences (Chi² = 2.02, df = 1, P = 0.16; I² = 50.4%).

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