Fig. 1: Region-specific untargeted lipidomics analysis of MALDI-FTICR-MSI data in a non-human primate model of Parkinson’s disease and L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia.

Untargeted region-specific lipidomics workflow designed to identify lipid changes displaying differences between Ctrl and MPTP in GPi and GPe brain regions and between non-LID and LID in GPi, GPe, Put, Cd, PrG, PoG, TG, Cl, tw, cw, Ins and ACgG brain regions. a Schematic of a coronal non-human primate brain tissue section at −4 mm from the ac depicting different white and grey matter brain regions. Untargeted mass lists including 4879 m/z values obtained in dual polarity mode from each analysed brain region were extracted and evaluated by hypothesis testing using multiple two-tailed t-tests. Representative volcano plots showing significantly altered m/z values in red between b Ctrl and MPTP and c non-LID and LID groups in the GPi brain region. Identified lipid molecules showing significant changes were grouped into four different classes: (i) plasmalogen phosphatidylcholines (PCs), (ii) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-containing glycerophospholipids (GPLs), (iii) hydroxylated sphingolipids (SPs), and (iv) non-hydroxylated SPs. Lower panels: panels d and e show coloured stacked bars indicating how many lipid species from each class exhibited significant changes between d Ctrl and MPTP, and e non-LID and LID in different brain regions. PoG postcentral gyrus, PrG precentral gyrus, STG superior temporal gyrus, ACgG anterior cingulate gyrus, MTG middle temporal gyrus, ITG inferior temporal gyrus, Ent entorhinal area, Hipp hippocampus, Cd caudate nucleus, Ins insula, opt optical tract, Cl claustrum, Put putamen, GPe/GPi globus pallidus externa/interna, Hy hypothalamus, Th thalamus, ic internal capsule, tw temporal white matter, cw cerebral white matter.