Table 3 Two-level sample and biomarkers collection recommended for clinical studies investigating the contribution of immunity to the development and progression of Parkinson’s disease (PD), considering both scientific value and feasibility
Level 1 – essential | Level 2 - optional | |
|---|---|---|
Sample Collection | Serum | PMNCs |
Plasma | CSF | |
PBMCs | Saliva | |
Urine | ||
Faeces | ||
Biomarkers | Immunophenotypes (immune cell subsets and inflammatory markers) | Functional immune assays |
Proteomics | ||
Transcriptomics |
