Fig. 3: Validation of the data-driven model for MCI subgroup identification.

The current figure illustrates the risk of reaching cognitive impairment that affects activity daily of living across the different cognitive groups. This cognitive impairment was defined as either A) a MoCA total score smaller or equal to 21 or B) a moderate score in MDS-UPDRS 1. Individuals that reached the endpoint at the baseline visit were excluded from this analysis, resulting in different numbers of individuals in each analysed feature. The X-axis represents time since diagnosis (in years), and the Y-axis shows the log (hazard ratio). Each subgroup is represented by a trajectory and colour: NC (green), data-driven early-MCI group (yellow), and MCI (red). The following confounders were included in the Cox hazard analyses: age, years of education and score of the feature at baseline. Sex was not included as confounder as it violated the proportional hazards assumption.