Fig. 4: Entanglement distribution as a function of time to two ground stations at the equator.

The ground stations are separated by d = 1000 km with a satellite constellation given by NR = 9 satellite rings, NS = 10 satellites per ring, and altitude h = 1500 km. We show a snapshot from 2000 to 5000 s of our 24-h simulation. Top—the distance L of each ground station to the satellite with the least total transmission loss. Bottom—the corresponding entanglement-distribution rate as a function of time, assuming a source rate of Rsource = 109 ebits/s100.