Fig. 5: Out-of-phase relation for different constituents of the Raman pulse and during the expansion of the condensate.
From: Phase-locking matter-wave interferometer of vortex states

a Δθ for different constituents of the Raman pulse, i.e., (L1 = −1, L2 = 1), (L1 = −2, L2 = 0), (L1 = 1, L2 = −1), and (L1 = 0, L2 = −2). ∣Δl∣ = 2 and TOF = 20 ms. b Δθ for different TOFs, i.e., TOF = 19 ms, 20 ms, 21 ms, 22 ms. L1 = −2 and L2 = 0. The dashed line denotes the value of π/2. The error bar is the standard deviation of six measurements.