Fig. 3: Perform parallel encoding Fourier magnetic imaging on a 2-dimensional NV layer.

a Real-space fluorescence image of the 2-D NV ensemble layer. The data of adjacent pixels (indicated by the green cross) and far-distance pixels (the red cross) are analyzed to characterize the relations between the sensitive area of the pixel and the reduced FOV. The real-space data are taken by 3 × 3 pixel binning for a higher signal-to-noise ratio. b The positional relationship of the target sensitive area inside, at the boundary, and outside the reduced FOV. The y direction is encoded and represented as a yellow arrow. c The positional relationship of the adjacent sensitive area of the pixel. d The real-space data corresponding to b. The center location of the signal envelope is extracted by Gaussian fitting, where y₁ = −3.01 ± 0.14 μm, y₁₁ = −1.45 ± 0.08 μm, y₂₈ = 2.07 ± 0.07 μm, y₄₀ = −4.09 ± 0.08 μm, and y₄₆ = −3.25 ± 0.05 μm, respectively. The signals outside the reduced FOV in pixels 40 and 46 are folded to the other side and indicated by a red pentagram, and the real location can be recovered by panning to the right by the size of one encoding FOV. e The real-space data corresponding to c. The center location is measured as y₂₂ = 0.80 ± 0.12 μm, y₂₅ = 1.43 ± 0.10 μm, y₂₈ = 1.99 ± 0.13 μm, y₃₁ = 2.59 ± 0.07 μm, and y₃₄ = 2.98 ± 0.10 μm, respectively, and the mean distance of signal peaks at adjacent pixels is 546 nm. As a comparison, the distance between adjacent pixels is 585 nm. Signal peaks of the same NV centers appear in the real-space signals of adjacent pixels because of FOV overlapping, such as pixels 28, 31, and 34 (blue and yellow triangles). The mean peak width of all signal envelopes in d and e is 761 nm, representing the size of the sensitive area of the pixel.