Fig. 5: Spin manipulation metrics in the unstrained, bulk Ge device.

a–c Normalized LSES (∂fL/∂V)/fL, Rabi frequency fR/Vac at constant Larmor frequency fL = 1 GHz, and quality factor \({Q}_{2}^{* }\) of the C gate as a function of the orientation of the magnetic field. d–f Same for L gate. The bias voltage is VC = −25 mV.