Fig. 1: NV center spin system and nuclear spin control.
a The electron spin of the NV center (green) is strongly coupled to three nuclear spins, which include one 14N (blue) and two 13C nuclei (grey), along with a weakly coupled spin bath composed of 13C. The optical transitions of the NV center are driven by green (532 nm) and red (637 nm) lasers, whereas the charge state is detected using an orange (594 nm) laser. The electron spin rotations and electron spin-controlled nuclear rotation can be achieved using microwave (MW) and radio frequency (RF) pulses. The fluorescence, collected by a solid immersion lens (SIL), can reach up to 800 kcounts/s and is detected by an Avalanche Photodiode (APD). b The optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) spectrum shows the splitting of the nuclear spins. The nitrogen splits up the \(\left\vert {m}_{I}=-1,0,1\right\rangle\) states by 2.19 MHz. The carbon \(\left\vert \pm 1/2\right\rangle\) states are split by 414 kHz for the first carbon and 90 kHz for the second. c Radio frequencies drive the nuclear spins and create Rabi oscillations between the spin states of each nuclear spin. Both carbon spins have a similar Rabi-frequency, which is faster compared to the nitrogen spin Rabi-frequency.
