Fig. 7
Spin and charge conversion in 2D materials. a Spin-to-charge conversion in graphene on yttrium iron garnet (YIG), a ferrimagnetic insulator. The spin current is generated from spin pumping from YIG, and converted to charge current in graphene. b Magnetic field dependence of the spin pumping voltage measured on YIG/Graphene (similar results have been also reported in ref. 106). c Current induced out-of-plane spin–orbit torque in WTe2. The current is applied along the a-axis of a WTe2/Py bilayer. d Antisymmetric voltages from ST-FMR measurements for a WTe2 (5.5 nm)/Py (6 nm) device as a function of in-plane magnetic field angle. The microwave frequency is 9 GHz and the applied microwave power is 5 dBm. (a, b adapted from ref. 105 with permission, copyright American Physical Society 2015) (c, d adapted from ref. 111 with permission, copyright Springer Nature 2016)
