Fig. 6
From: Artificial creation and separation of a single vortex–antivortex pair in a ferroelectric flatland
a In-plane (IP) piezoresponse vector map for a vortex–antivortex pair produced by applying an electrical pulse. Reliability for the sinusoidal fitting is examined by the plot of R2 on the right. Regions near the two singular points exhibit large deviations of R2 from the ideal value of 1. This is attributed to the small magnitude of IP piezoresponse force microscopic signals stemming from ferroelectric instability and associated electrical frustration near the vortices. b A zoomed out view of the topological defects pair. c The trigonometric curve fitting for six representative points that are denoted as red spots in a
