Fig. 2: Energy spectra and IETS measurements.
From: Complete reversal of the atomic unquenched orbital moment by a single electron
a Energy spectra derived using both the PCM (solid lines) and the spin-orbit model (dots). The expectation values of Sz and Lz are indicated for each state. The transverse crystal field generates two distinct quintuplets (blue and green). The energy scale is defined relative to the ground state energy, except in the rightmost panel, where the Zeeman splitting is considered, in which case the absolute energies are plotted. b Differential conductance (dI/dV) spectroscopy performed with a functionalized tip on a single Fe atom (magenta) and on bare Cu2N (gray) (T = 0.3 K, Bz = 4 T, 400 µV modulation, taken at −90 mV, 8 nA). c Co-tunneling mechanism for inelastic excitations of the spin (top) and orbital (bottom) momenta. Each rectangle represents the energy levels of the five ℓz orbitals as follows: ℓz = ±2 (bottom), ℓz = ±1 (middle), ℓz = 0 (top). In the case of a spin excitation, the electrons are free to tunnel on and off the same singly occupied orbital. d Schematic representation of the two lowest quintuplets, with the spin and orbital transitions probed by IETS marked with arrows.
