Fig. 1: Phase diagram, electrical, and magnetic properties of PCMO.
From: Imaging the formation and surface phase separation of the CE phase
a Phase diagram of Pr1−xCaxMnO3 as a function of the doping level x adapted from ref. 4. PM, COI, and CAFI denote the paramagnetic insulator, charge-ordered insulator, and canted antiferromagnetic insulator phase, respectively. b Schematic illustration of the charge and spin ordering in the CE phase. The ferromagnetic zigzag chains are shown by the gray and light gray zigzag regions. The green-dashed ovals indicate the Zener polarons. c The temperature dependence of the resistivity and magnetization of the imaged PCMO film. The resistivity was measured in zero field and the magnetization was measured in 0.1 T applied along [100] axis with the diamagnetic response of the substrate subtracted. d–e Rough and flat topography observed in this film at different locations. Image size: 10.4 × 10.4 μm2. Scale bar in d and e: 2 μm. Color scale: 60 nm (d) and 2.2 nm (e).
